Xinhua Rio de Janeiro, April 6 (Xinhua Yang Limin) According to the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro, 6 pm local time the fire department's statistics, the evening from 5 storm has caused 95 deaths, including the capital city of Rio de Janeiro, 35 people were killed.
5 Rio de Janeiro was the evening of the biggest storms in 44 years, many streets of Rio de Janeiro water into the river, the morning until 6 at the city's traffic is still in a paralyzed state. airport and main railway station is temporarily closed. The Government has notified the city in schools All closed. Brazil's President Lula is also planning to attend an event to cancel.
According to the Brazilian weather forecasters, 6 pm to reach at least 70 mm of rain. Rio de Janeiro state government is considering the state of emergency declared . the Brazilian Ministry of Justice's decision to send federal police helicopter and fire brigade to mobilize support from other states relief operations.
reporters are my Rio and Beijing TV 6 sports department colleagues to witness this thrilling 12 hours, but also first saw the torrent of life will be around all the flooded cars.
4 5 days of time of about 5 pm, at the conclusion of the Brazilian soccer temple to the sudden heavy rain. Let us not think that this heavy rain has only a prelude to a flood. Therefore, the by a sociologist.
interview after 7:00 local time, we had to wait until the rain subsides and then look away, but waited until 9 pm and more, I realized the seriousness of the situation, the rain did not decrease. We only trying to return to the hotel by car. But by this time have all the traffic in Rio paralyzed, all the street have been blocked, and after continuous heavy rain, flood is not on the to.
very fortunate to accompany an interview black driver in nearly 4 hours of hard work, hard to open the car eventually to a overpass, so that journalists and BTV counterparts survived the disaster.
flood arrival, a local gas station Many cars start flooded
morning, looked from the overpass, the flood began to subside
many cars and trucks, like journalists, have chosen to stop at the height of the overpass on high
Monday, February 28, 2011
Sunday, February 27, 2011
Bad Boy
I like a very well-behaved child, but only in the heart of treason. From the outside, but still a good child. How kind of looks like a very honest what is expected of children. Hit pierced ears, four, but , two, or very spare me, always inflamed, the pain always. I do really only hit the sub-points can only play two pierced ears? above two to play, a long rope, and then play, now inflammation. I would also like to play ear bones, but the following is also no good, or ear bones courage and physical play. is really very depressing hh
I still want to be a bad child. that is not will be tired. can not scruple lot. done it. there is no burden to do what want to do.
but now is not, I can only do good for all eyes Baby. All overbearing publicity, only to remain in the illusion achieved.
I still want to be a bad child. that is not will be tired. can not scruple lot. done it. there is no burden to do what want to do.
but now is not, I can only do good for all eyes Baby. All overbearing publicity, only to remain in the illusion achieved.
Thursday, February 24, 2011
Reflections on 60 years
Reflections on 60 years: the ruling party must establish basic political ethics
2009-08-15 13:29
Miles
the sixtieth anniversary of the founding, and I heard the parade was busy preparing, I am an old , and legs not working, may not be attending the Tiananmen Gate. In the past, I am not in charge of media coverage this one, but I know that for six decades, Daqing, there will be many large-scale publicity, mainly in order to promote the achievements and progress of the State This is the way to six years old, and has not changed. The other day, a young professor at the Central Party School to me to chat, he was very young, very thought.
he always said he was generation of reforms, and an old man like me is the revolutionary generation, young people are thinking is very active, give me a lot of problems, some views seem to offend some of our party claims and practices. However, much about them the more I believe they sincerely, not to the meaning of chaos. Sometimes, I feel offended by their questions, which may indicate that I am not as good as these young people in good faith, I just always tell them, young people To know more history.
the other day, he came again and said to me to ask the history of the problem is not that he mentioned, but that he taught the students to put class level cadres, he said He could not answer, put the question put to me. cadres in the discussion that students ask is: are the founding six years, and what our country has not changed things? Why not change? will not change? his mean I know, six years of daily media coverage of Daqing, said what happened to the people what kind of changes that can not be another angle to think about, a country to a political party leader six years, and time is not too short It should be six years in the end how to summarize, how to sum up, our party has a duty to tell the people clearly understood. a moment he could not talk does not understand, there is doubt, it does not matter, it is important to talk out of public speaking out, do not hide do not speak or talk in private. Jianguo all six years, and still can not openly discuss some issues deserve any of these six years? We are over the people, has the responsibility to speak clearly understood, especially the basic facts, some basic principles, you can not order was sleepy and can not make people sleepy.
I told the young professor, founding six years, and we have not changed in this country there are many, many things. basic facts is that this country is led by the Communist Party of China, a fact everyone knows that, but the fact that behind what is it? For example, our party has more than 7,000 million members, is one of the largest party, the party still not society Management registered, the fact that behind what is it? is our country not a or the party's national wall has not been established. take a look, millions of troops also called the People's Liberation Army, has not changed, not the true sense of the country's armed forces. the supreme leader of the army or the party's highest leaders. the party is not the military one of the country the leadership of the army instead. six years, and this point has not changed.
even in the party, six years, and do not establish a real sense of the competitive electoral system, not to mention in a national context the. often said consultations, in fact, the operation or the secret war tradition. These are some basic facts, what they can come out of basic principles, it should be a good discussion. These discussions can not do without these basic facts, young people really ought to know a lot of history. I remember the early days, several democratic parties to the central letter, the proposed return to Zhongnanhai, the people, the Royal Garden is best as a public culture of the early monuments survive .80, secretary and received a similar proposal, but also added a: CPC Central Committee organs should be listed office, the General Office of the Central Organization Department, Propaganda Department, United Front Work Department, are the ruling party's organ, is not illegal underground organ, the proposed transfer several secretary's hands, not on the final will be discussed. these two things is not changed six years.
later, the professor told me that he thinks particularly of some of the issues, but still did not think So how about some basic facts to understand. I know that through many channels, more than a decade of new ideas, new formulation, no matter what kind of theory of what kind of school, six years on the state of things changed, things did not change first engage in and understand basic facts. Some things should not be changed, can you change, can not be changed, to separate, more difficult. to discuss the problem, then figure out the basic facts from the start. I was young, said Professor So you ask a question, I have no choice but said the fact that the basic facts. thoroughly understand the basic facts, and thoughtful people will think, this kind of a kind of political inertia? or a political stagnation? should do research, to be specific analysis, the conclusions do not empty the next.
few years ago, an old comrade was seriously ill, I went to see him, he spent more than an hours of his country to me, all the concerns about the status of the party that wanted to talk directly to the central leaders. He said he had no chance, I said, I promise to turn to. Later, a Standing Committee of the gay point of view me, I passed on, I especially can not forget is that a specific reference to the old comrades of the revolutionary all his life, in the end how the people, to history be accounted, there are so many no doubt find out, explain how it good? founding six years, and I think this is a good opportunity, it should be a good summary, a good discussion. I was an old man, and for the country a lifetime of work for the Party, how can give up the kind of feelings can not be I always do not agree with years, can not say it is brilliant, publicity and the word, but also pay attention to precision, to meet the basic facts. you do not deduct those years, people will be deducted in the heart of the historian will be deducted. Ordinary Party members will not do that. that in the 90 years I have said more than once, too far from the truth of political propaganda, it called? that is uncivilized, barbaric propaganda.
governance in those years rough handling on the terminal station, which should govern a barbarous government propaganda. I would not hear. these six years, and why it has not changed, not only young people to think about those of us who have to think over, called reflection. six years, and should make to celebrate, it should seriously consider. to reflect on the whole country, to give the party reflection. a ruling party, a big country the only ruling party, the ruling party for six years, the total Reflection should have at least the courage to it. This is in fact a responsibility, the responsibility of political parties. This reflection will certainly leads to many different views, which is nothing strange for? If do a tense, engaging in a number of block action, it seems we are too tolerant of the no. In my opinion, people's views, the views of democratic parties, experts and scholars view the political views of frustrated people, these four people's views, in particular, should take Listen, not ban, six years, and I'm still here, a thousand years ago the ancients said that some of those reasons, people feel uncomfortable to think of it.
presided over the early eighties have a Secretariat work old comrades in his later years lived several years in Shenzhen, one time I went to see him, and talked about his tortuous life experiences, he said, to this country, for the party, he has a great appreciation, the two major regrets. comforting that he personally promoted the reform and opening southern China to become the forerunner of national development. A Unfortunately, there is no history for a major party's grievances redress, and the other is regrettable that the party does not promote tolerance policy on dissent. He did not talk much, then, the two of us only relative silence. Jianguo all six years, and the early days of New China, some of the policies that some political reasons, it was not true For six decades, ah. those reasons now exist? still valid you?
if those reasons still valid, then, six years of political power, ideological, cultural, but also with the summed it? tolerate different views of the mechanism has not been established, it can only show that the set of Stalinism is still treadmill: the more successful revolution and construction, the enemy's resistance to the more serious. Otherwise, what six years in this regard There has been no change? old comrades who had died a few years ago, his long-cherished wish, and still is a cherished dream. This is how the people accountable to history? split from the KMT-CPC cooperation first started to drive away the KMT in 1949 we KMT repression of our 22 years, to block our newspapers, killing our party members, in school to suppress different opinions. History has proved that they have failed. We absolutely can not use similar means to deal with them, treat other people. VI Twenty-two years of the decade, which is a concept of what kind of time?
I was a senior leading cadres of the party, now enjoying high political treatment. I asked the young professor, I run out by the These words, is not to let him feel weird? He honestly told me that he really did not know whether it was unbelievable. I want to say is that, because high-ranking cadres, even should the height of the historical responsibility to consider the issue Otherwise, equivalent to senior officials of the senior cadres, it should never be tolerated. historical responsibility is an issue of political ethics, of a political party is responsible, we should ponder this question.
I say this because I for many question for a long time. I remember the late seventies, when trees have a party comrades referred to the political ethics of speech, the word, this is the first time I heard the word. there is a meeting break, I ask him specifically He said he has experienced many ups and downs within the party, political ethics is really hard to describe. but he was never talked about it. Yes ah, to founding three decades, the party only a great scholar so mention such a sentence.
after not mention. another three years, and still no one talks about. I do concrete work, not so high theoretical level, can turn the head of a doubt that the three ten years: We were so unbearable to talk about political ethics? I want to say is, people 22 years to block us, we have the necessary time to spend six years of eye for an eye up the body of its people? this reason not to is the political ethics? We do not publicly talk about, can prevent people to think about this problem? so many problems later in the conversation that Shenzhen has been hit in my head to hit to, in time also expel . To be honest, I do not want to understand that this may not be able to use The leader of the National Day in Tiananmen Square that day, to salute the People's Heroes Monument flowers. future generations to the past for doctrine, for the devotees pay homage to the ideal, is it not a basic political ethics it? Without their sacrifice, there is no power, this is a basic fact. But the people who stand up to explain why for the past fifty years have not done so? No, not even a simple explanation at all. It seems all of a sudden get back to politics and ethics difficult. tens of millions of members under you, you rule over a billion people, fifty years, and even a solemn ceremony to pay tribute not, is not there should be a solemn apology for it. Who did not do should be done, who wrong thing, who will stand up and bear the responsibility. This is the least ethical.
Our party has always used to boast that many people are doing everything right, while, but then why not the past the right thing to do even a basic explanation at all. It is often said Prodigal Son Sweet Basil, Sweet Basil to have this prerequisite is to have a reflection, must take responsibility. We are such a great country, imposing such a large party, would always ambiguity in the past, has become what! employing the wrong, the person responsible was recommended to study evaluation system is also irresponsible, irresponsible and consultation mechanisms, and discipline inspection commissions have just investigated, regardless of the employer in the process of oversight responsibility of the people locked up or shot, even if the end, and also investigate and deal with this person that is a great achievement. In this way, this country does not become a responsible country that no one yet? our party not to become no negative responsibility of the party yet? this trend continues, we talk about that political ethics and what?
think about it, our party are all of those major mistakes before hitting the southern wall back, and this wall is a natural law, objective law of development of the country, you are violating the law to a badly beaten. Why is that? six decades, our country did not grow from the social forces should have to compete with us, to remind, to monitor our party , because all those different opinions do not reflect our party's right to hear their. so full policy, it would assume responsibility for it solely, but also not. how much time in six years, been hampered national development, national development opportunities lost , and constitutional rights are not realized. This phenomenon is very ethical. who I sent a message of the old comrades said to me: you and I have grown old, for fear that the final nail difficult conclusion it! I has come to an old age old age, and so the total could not escape blame.
Once you have ethical responsibility, certainly not easy to live. a country, a political party is probably the case. I always want such an old man and young together, is to ears, to hear how these people said I was. The young professor said to me, six years, and our country has not yet appeared complete sense of the voters, our party has no right to complete members, we have not set up to allow other people to play a political role in the system, the largest of these is not your personal anxiety? my professor Wangnianzhijiao, because he transferred my child through an essay he wrote, he said he did not to publish, just wanted to spread within the party, stimulate discussion, the article said talk with him many times. or from the start with the basic facts. from the time of founding, our party say they represent the peasants and workers, since 2049, said representatives of the hundreds of millions of Chinese people, to the founding of sixty years now or so terms. We also see that, six years, and did not seriously stringent procedures to give the kind of political representation, elections, non-election, are not.
home to some of the provincial mayors often see me, I always told them, your job is the need to get elected, and to the ability to elect their own, do not always hopes behind the NPC delegation in the role of party organizations. by The role of the chosen face to red, the discipline of party members vote to unify the implementation of binding decisions of the party, which is , it becomes the advantage of suppressing dissent, where there is a large caucus like this? This is not the mechanism of equal competition, six years is true, has not changed, the procedure is difficult to say this is a serious, rigorous. in accordance with the present electoral law, which the Department is not illegal, but it is contrary to the political ethics, equal to one party control of the electoral machinery, the expression of public opinion to be true, that is a difficult task. It was no one visible.
School The professor told me six years to deal with various crises, such as political instability, internal strife, public pressure, abnormal movements of personnel, there have been many very stereotypical way of crisis management, has accumulated a lot of talent have such a big advantage, why did not intend to engage in equal inter-party competition? I said, I can not answer this question, but the overall feel of a competitive election is not over the ridge around. Now also stated that the Chinese engaged in real sense of democratic elections, conditions are not ripe, it seems that Chinese farmers more, the quality is not high, China has no tradition of democracy, this is a disadvantage. However, when these disadvantages into advantages, the organization may be no advantage by that time, another reason not to open and democratic election. This is the political deadlock on the ethics, when it will completely solve? Sixty years have passed, but also to wait for decades?
founding sixty years, should go back to a basic question. people in this country will in the end is what? what approach should be adopted to express the real opinion? this problem, the Soviet Union did not thoroughly understand, aged nine to national perdition party I never been a populist, with my decades of political experience, I dare say, the expression of public opinion is a national political system, standards. I always receive many letters from people, I asked the Secretary to pick something that makes me see, for many years to do so. Last year, received a letter from a farmer in Shandong, he asked me: You Beijing leadership in the end that do not know what we think, what you want? I think of the sixties difficult times, call our investigation and study, Daxing, I went down to the countryside, go for two months, it reported to the CPC Central Committee and a summary piles of questions, among them the problem. Four years later, let the people asked this question out. people from our radio and television, newspapers can not find the answer, asked to come over our heads. < br> Of course, public opinion itself is very complicated, there are all sorts of people, there are a variety of different views, this is normal. The key is that our party is not the face of public opinion, but also in what kind of system to ensure public access to the full, authentic expression. Now the TV people want to be rich to report the development, want to live any better. This is an improvement, because in the past not to say so publicly. This not to say the responsibility who is? Now people always want to get rich it? They want to participate in more social and political affairs, want to have more rights, more opportunities for development. Why do not they speak publicly? the responsibility of this not to say , then who is? six years, and we should not say that the mistakes in the handling of public opinion is our biggest mistake, which is to be written into the history books of .90 that the early years, a number of signature letter, manifesto, open letter, I said many times, do not fuss, do not make seal killing, people have something to say, let him say it, what can not bear. I say that no one is listening. a pipe ideological propaganda I went there, said the leadership, I dare not matter Yeah, the central selves that I cover this, whether that is in default. You see, this is the concept of his responsibility is not responsible for the public.
Let me particularly sad that, many people also guide public opinion vulgar, utilitarian. distort public opinion, public opinion held hostage This has resulted in very serious consequences, but also a violation of political ethics. When the late nineties, a number of old comrades participated in the Korean War to the central letter, to ban a number of scholars have published the latest research on the results of the Korean War, they believe that these Fixed some past research findings, so that they emotionally can not stand. This is the opinion now, but this is what public opinion? these old comrades in the end to know how much of that war? those experts to the former Soviet Union, but there is checked just open the file, do academic research. Is there anything wrong? have an academic bent Jiaoyuan written to me calling, I turned to the leaders of his letter, finally came to nothing out. those old comrades in the head conclusion in the end come from? is not instilled in them from the outside. to use the facts to correct some of their old ideas, say no, say the old comrades to take care of the feelings of, say, ;, what is this political logic?
six years, and should be changed and can change many things in such a logic, to become such a change, not change things, to establish basic political ethics There are many obstacles to overcome. the first, six for ten years, the country's disorder in our party to be tied to a past so many years of struggle, not without cause tossing in our own party. It makes me sad We bring disaster to the state party's toss, brought calamity to the people. so many years, we tell people that the country does not, it would chaos, and people really afraid of the extreme fear of torment, and they look forward to stability, to become ruling party and then we go on a separate . Six years ago, we put up a passage of is a basic fact. There is also a fact that is why they sacrifice? they fought for was the fact that we set the goals and ideals of China, and now, how many people know what was set up specific goals? I know, 90 years When, out of a book, entitled I have all read, and I also found a number of experts specializing in the history of the situation and asked, they told me, this book collection, all of our party in the thirties and forties published editorials, comments, statements , no one was forged. At that time, our party made the commitment to the Chinese people, to establish a democratic, free and independent country. At that time, the KMT not to engage in democracy, do not give free, no ability to make a truly independent state , have promised to replace those shoulders. These commitments it attracts numerous people with lofty ideals. Those who belong to the expense of these people.
In fact, those who committed three to four decades many works have. However, to the fifties and sixties were the writings of the editorial board change out. I have seen a document sent to the original and revised laboratory was a big shock to my heart. Now, I can openly say twenty years before I head to produce the questions, so a modified method that thousands of people have died in vain it? it is in black and white, indeed overturned the current commitment of our party. that light, this is not respect history, in essence, This is a violation of political ethics, which is tantamount to the power basis of our party was built on the beach, which can secure it? history back to the people the truth always, and not six years, seven years, not seven years eight years, people always want to know when the .91-year, some experts to the central analysis of the reasons the Soviet Union to write the report, saying that Gorbachev destroyed the Soviet openness, destroying the Soviet Union. I drew this conclusion is greatly under the question mark. as I see, not the openness wrong, but out late. In many matters, we always have some experience as a lesson learned when the experience This does not change is absolutely impossible.
founding six years, and how many things are not clear to people 80 years of drafting the ; sent later, this principle still works today, are used by some as a cover up the truth, a shield to evade historical responsibility, let the party of reform more difficult. Last year, the commemoration of three decades of reform and opening up, some turning point in the history of the parties to do a little disclosure of the truth, but still set a lot of rules, so that inspection, there is some party I chatted about 1976 to Oct. 6 years some of the things I've confirmed some of hearsay, this event behind the scenes, our people in the last year of a Southern newspaper to see. In handling of the twelve years. conceal who bears responsibility for this?
the use of a relative of the ruling party's leaders, intelligence agencies, military forces to resolve disputes within the party, this it? Premier Zhou was founded on admonished Li Kenong comrades, intelligence agencies not involved in the struggle within the party, he warned against those of our party of irregularities it? six years, and the ruling party even if not convenient to the people clear, at least tens of millions of party comrades should first make it clear, in the commends those countries into a new situation to make a special contribution to the people, it should also explicitly deny them the means used, this meet the basic political Ethics. Now, have not heard of such a denial. a party in power for six years does not pay attention to this point, what's the use to ability? no political ability to govern based on ethics, what will become the ability to I think you will seriously consider this issue.
our party six years, and began to say the decision-making more scientific and began to say the balance of power, but how to do in the end? political ethics does not seem to say not , said not enough light, but also have the means, there is a system to implement this ethic. in the absence of the founding of the time to put forward , His Holiness did not answer this problem. This serving the people sources, said that as long as the promise of a political party services for the people, there is the legitimacy of the ruling, I think that this view is premature, on the basic facts are not clear.
six years, and as long as the concerned countries future development of the people, think of how to advance the issue of political democracy, our people, social groups, both on the national political life can not express independent views, it can not actually participate in the political process, and supervision of the ruling party can not, people that they deserved this ; three no's .
I am so old, and said so much. Some young people will call me, when in office did not say how, how does this blame is justified, I can not use the objective circumstances, objective factors to shift the part I should take the historical responsibility. that so many political ethics, I would take to develop the kind of political ethics in the drafting of .80 The political quality of the elderly. But he believes that this evaluation should help us to do it. This way, difficult to leave. If neither future generations the kind of qualifications Comrade Xiaoping, and do not speak basic political ethics, which After things have to rely on to future generations of. Someone has to speak up, I considered one of the bar.
2009-08-15 13:29
Miles
the sixtieth anniversary of the founding, and I heard the parade was busy preparing, I am an old , and legs not working, may not be attending the Tiananmen Gate. In the past, I am not in charge of media coverage this one, but I know that for six decades, Daqing, there will be many large-scale publicity, mainly in order to promote the achievements and progress of the State This is the way to six years old, and has not changed. The other day, a young professor at the Central Party School to me to chat, he was very young, very thought.
he always said he was generation of reforms, and an old man like me is the revolutionary generation, young people are thinking is very active, give me a lot of problems, some views seem to offend some of our party claims and practices. However, much about them the more I believe they sincerely, not to the meaning of chaos. Sometimes, I feel offended by their questions, which may indicate that I am not as good as these young people in good faith, I just always tell them, young people To know more history.
the other day, he came again and said to me to ask the history of the problem is not that he mentioned, but that he taught the students to put class level cadres, he said He could not answer, put the question put to me. cadres in the discussion that students ask is: are the founding six years, and what our country has not changed things? Why not change? will not change? his mean I know, six years of daily media coverage of Daqing, said what happened to the people what kind of changes that can not be another angle to think about, a country to a political party leader six years, and time is not too short It should be six years in the end how to summarize, how to sum up, our party has a duty to tell the people clearly understood. a moment he could not talk does not understand, there is doubt, it does not matter, it is important to talk out of public speaking out, do not hide do not speak or talk in private. Jianguo all six years, and still can not openly discuss some issues deserve any of these six years? We are over the people, has the responsibility to speak clearly understood, especially the basic facts, some basic principles, you can not order was sleepy and can not make people sleepy.
I told the young professor, founding six years, and we have not changed in this country there are many, many things. basic facts is that this country is led by the Communist Party of China, a fact everyone knows that, but the fact that behind what is it? For example, our party has more than 7,000 million members, is one of the largest party, the party still not society Management registered, the fact that behind what is it? is our country not a or the party's national wall has not been established. take a look, millions of troops also called the People's Liberation Army, has not changed, not the true sense of the country's armed forces. the supreme leader of the army or the party's highest leaders. the party is not the military one of the country the leadership of the army instead. six years, and this point has not changed.
even in the party, six years, and do not establish a real sense of the competitive electoral system, not to mention in a national context the. often said consultations, in fact, the operation or the secret war tradition. These are some basic facts, what they can come out of basic principles, it should be a good discussion. These discussions can not do without these basic facts, young people really ought to know a lot of history. I remember the early days, several democratic parties to the central letter, the proposed return to Zhongnanhai, the people, the Royal Garden is best as a public culture of the early monuments survive .80, secretary and received a similar proposal, but also added a: CPC Central Committee organs should be listed office, the General Office of the Central Organization Department, Propaganda Department, United Front Work Department, are the ruling party's organ, is not illegal underground organ, the proposed transfer several secretary's hands, not on the final will be discussed. these two things is not changed six years.
later, the professor told me that he thinks particularly of some of the issues, but still did not think So how about some basic facts to understand. I know that through many channels, more than a decade of new ideas, new formulation, no matter what kind of theory of what kind of school, six years on the state of things changed, things did not change first engage in and understand basic facts. Some things should not be changed, can you change, can not be changed, to separate, more difficult. to discuss the problem, then figure out the basic facts from the start. I was young, said Professor So you ask a question, I have no choice but said the fact that the basic facts. thoroughly understand the basic facts, and thoughtful people will think, this kind of a kind of political inertia? or a political stagnation? should do research, to be specific analysis, the conclusions do not empty the next.
few years ago, an old comrade was seriously ill, I went to see him, he spent more than an hours of his country to me, all the concerns about the status of the party that wanted to talk directly to the central leaders. He said he had no chance, I said, I promise to turn to. Later, a Standing Committee of the gay point of view me, I passed on, I especially can not forget is that a specific reference to the old comrades of the revolutionary all his life, in the end how the people, to history be accounted, there are so many no doubt find out, explain how it good? founding six years, and I think this is a good opportunity, it should be a good summary, a good discussion. I was an old man, and for the country a lifetime of work for the Party, how can give up the kind of feelings can not be I always do not agree with years, can not say it is brilliant, publicity and the word, but also pay attention to precision, to meet the basic facts. you do not deduct those years, people will be deducted in the heart of the historian will be deducted. Ordinary Party members will not do that. that in the 90 years I have said more than once, too far from the truth of political propaganda, it called? that is uncivilized, barbaric propaganda.
governance in those years rough handling on the terminal station, which should govern a barbarous government propaganda. I would not hear. these six years, and why it has not changed, not only young people to think about those of us who have to think over, called reflection. six years, and should make to celebrate, it should seriously consider. to reflect on the whole country, to give the party reflection. a ruling party, a big country the only ruling party, the ruling party for six years, the total Reflection should have at least the courage to it. This is in fact a responsibility, the responsibility of political parties. This reflection will certainly leads to many different views, which is nothing strange for? If do a tense, engaging in a number of block action, it seems we are too tolerant of the no. In my opinion, people's views, the views of democratic parties, experts and scholars view the political views of frustrated people, these four people's views, in particular, should take Listen, not ban, six years, and I'm still here, a thousand years ago the ancients said that some of those reasons, people feel uncomfortable to think of it.
presided over the early eighties have a Secretariat work old comrades in his later years lived several years in Shenzhen, one time I went to see him, and talked about his tortuous life experiences, he said, to this country, for the party, he has a great appreciation, the two major regrets. comforting that he personally promoted the reform and opening southern China to become the forerunner of national development. A Unfortunately, there is no history for a major party's grievances redress, and the other is regrettable that the party does not promote tolerance policy on dissent. He did not talk much, then, the two of us only relative silence. Jianguo all six years, and the early days of New China, some of the policies that some political reasons, it was not true For six decades, ah. those reasons now exist? still valid you?
if those reasons still valid, then, six years of political power, ideological, cultural, but also with the summed it? tolerate different views of the mechanism has not been established, it can only show that the set of Stalinism is still treadmill: the more successful revolution and construction, the enemy's resistance to the more serious. Otherwise, what six years in this regard There has been no change? old comrades who had died a few years ago, his long-cherished wish, and still is a cherished dream. This is how the people accountable to history? split from the KMT-CPC cooperation first started to drive away the KMT in 1949 we KMT repression of our 22 years, to block our newspapers, killing our party members, in school to suppress different opinions. History has proved that they have failed. We absolutely can not use similar means to deal with them, treat other people. VI Twenty-two years of the decade, which is a concept of what kind of time?
I was a senior leading cadres of the party, now enjoying high political treatment. I asked the young professor, I run out by the These words, is not to let him feel weird? He honestly told me that he really did not know whether it was unbelievable. I want to say is that, because high-ranking cadres, even should the height of the historical responsibility to consider the issue Otherwise, equivalent to senior officials of the senior cadres, it should never be tolerated. historical responsibility is an issue of political ethics, of a political party is responsible, we should ponder this question.
I say this because I for many question for a long time. I remember the late seventies, when trees have a party comrades referred to the political ethics of speech, the word, this is the first time I heard the word. there is a meeting break, I ask him specifically He said he has experienced many ups and downs within the party, political ethics is really hard to describe. but he was never talked about it. Yes ah, to founding three decades, the party only a great scholar so mention such a sentence.
after not mention. another three years, and still no one talks about. I do concrete work, not so high theoretical level, can turn the head of a doubt that the three ten years: We were so unbearable to talk about political ethics? I want to say is, people 22 years to block us, we have the necessary time to spend six years of eye for an eye up the body of its people? this reason not to is the political ethics? We do not publicly talk about, can prevent people to think about this problem? so many problems later in the conversation that Shenzhen has been hit in my head to hit to, in time also expel . To be honest, I do not want to understand that this may not be able to use The leader of the National Day in Tiananmen Square that day, to salute the People's Heroes Monument flowers. future generations to the past for doctrine, for the devotees pay homage to the ideal, is it not a basic political ethics it? Without their sacrifice, there is no power, this is a basic fact. But the people who stand up to explain why for the past fifty years have not done so? No, not even a simple explanation at all. It seems all of a sudden get back to politics and ethics difficult. tens of millions of members under you, you rule over a billion people, fifty years, and even a solemn ceremony to pay tribute not, is not there should be a solemn apology for it. Who did not do should be done, who wrong thing, who will stand up and bear the responsibility. This is the least ethical.
Our party has always used to boast that many people are doing everything right, while, but then why not the past the right thing to do even a basic explanation at all. It is often said Prodigal Son Sweet Basil, Sweet Basil to have this prerequisite is to have a reflection, must take responsibility. We are such a great country, imposing such a large party, would always ambiguity in the past, has become what! employing the wrong, the person responsible was recommended to study evaluation system is also irresponsible, irresponsible and consultation mechanisms, and discipline inspection commissions have just investigated, regardless of the employer in the process of oversight responsibility of the people locked up or shot, even if the end, and also investigate and deal with this person that is a great achievement. In this way, this country does not become a responsible country that no one yet? our party not to become no negative responsibility of the party yet? this trend continues, we talk about that political ethics and what?
think about it, our party are all of those major mistakes before hitting the southern wall back, and this wall is a natural law, objective law of development of the country, you are violating the law to a badly beaten. Why is that? six decades, our country did not grow from the social forces should have to compete with us, to remind, to monitor our party , because all those different opinions do not reflect our party's right to hear their. so full policy, it would assume responsibility for it solely, but also not. how much time in six years, been hampered national development, national development opportunities lost , and constitutional rights are not realized. This phenomenon is very ethical. who I sent a message of the old comrades said to me: you and I have grown old, for fear that the final nail difficult conclusion it! I has come to an old age old age, and so the total could not escape blame.
Once you have ethical responsibility, certainly not easy to live. a country, a political party is probably the case. I always want such an old man and young together, is to ears, to hear how these people said I was. The young professor said to me, six years, and our country has not yet appeared complete sense of the voters, our party has no right to complete members, we have not set up to allow other people to play a political role in the system, the largest of these is not your personal anxiety? my professor Wangnianzhijiao, because he transferred my child through an essay he wrote, he said he did not to publish, just wanted to spread within the party, stimulate discussion, the article said talk with him many times. or from the start with the basic facts. from the time of founding, our party say they represent the peasants and workers, since 2049, said representatives of the hundreds of millions of Chinese people, to the founding of sixty years now or so terms. We also see that, six years, and did not seriously stringent procedures to give the kind of political representation, elections, non-election, are not.
home to some of the provincial mayors often see me, I always told them, your job is the need to get elected, and to the ability to elect their own, do not always hopes behind the NPC delegation in the role of party organizations. by The role of the chosen face to red, the discipline of party members vote to unify the implementation of binding decisions of the party, which is , it becomes the advantage of suppressing dissent, where there is a large caucus like this? This is not the mechanism of equal competition, six years is true, has not changed, the procedure is difficult to say this is a serious, rigorous. in accordance with the present electoral law, which the Department is not illegal, but it is contrary to the political ethics, equal to one party control of the electoral machinery, the expression of public opinion to be true, that is a difficult task. It was no one visible.
School The professor told me six years to deal with various crises, such as political instability, internal strife, public pressure, abnormal movements of personnel, there have been many very stereotypical way of crisis management, has accumulated a lot of talent have such a big advantage, why did not intend to engage in equal inter-party competition? I said, I can not answer this question, but the overall feel of a competitive election is not over the ridge around. Now also stated that the Chinese engaged in real sense of democratic elections, conditions are not ripe, it seems that Chinese farmers more, the quality is not high, China has no tradition of democracy, this is a disadvantage. However, when these disadvantages into advantages, the organization may be no advantage by that time, another reason not to open and democratic election. This is the political deadlock on the ethics, when it will completely solve? Sixty years have passed, but also to wait for decades?
founding sixty years, should go back to a basic question. people in this country will in the end is what? what approach should be adopted to express the real opinion? this problem, the Soviet Union did not thoroughly understand, aged nine to national perdition party I never been a populist, with my decades of political experience, I dare say, the expression of public opinion is a national political system, standards. I always receive many letters from people, I asked the Secretary to pick something that makes me see, for many years to do so. Last year, received a letter from a farmer in Shandong, he asked me: You Beijing leadership in the end that do not know what we think, what you want? I think of the sixties difficult times, call our investigation and study, Daxing, I went down to the countryside, go for two months, it reported to the CPC Central Committee and a summary piles of questions, among them the problem. Four years later, let the people asked this question out. people from our radio and television, newspapers can not find the answer, asked to come over our heads. < br> Of course, public opinion itself is very complicated, there are all sorts of people, there are a variety of different views, this is normal. The key is that our party is not the face of public opinion, but also in what kind of system to ensure public access to the full, authentic expression. Now the TV people want to be rich to report the development, want to live any better. This is an improvement, because in the past not to say so publicly. This not to say the responsibility who is? Now people always want to get rich it? They want to participate in more social and political affairs, want to have more rights, more opportunities for development. Why do not they speak publicly? the responsibility of this not to say , then who is? six years, and we should not say that the mistakes in the handling of public opinion is our biggest mistake, which is to be written into the history books of .90 that the early years, a number of signature letter, manifesto, open letter, I said many times, do not fuss, do not make seal killing, people have something to say, let him say it, what can not bear. I say that no one is listening. a pipe ideological propaganda I went there, said the leadership, I dare not matter Yeah, the central selves that I cover this, whether that is in default. You see, this is the concept of his responsibility is not responsible for the public.
Let me particularly sad that, many people also guide public opinion vulgar, utilitarian. distort public opinion, public opinion held hostage This has resulted in very serious consequences, but also a violation of political ethics. When the late nineties, a number of old comrades participated in the Korean War to the central letter, to ban a number of scholars have published the latest research on the results of the Korean War, they believe that these Fixed some past research findings, so that they emotionally can not stand. This is the opinion now, but this is what public opinion? these old comrades in the end to know how much of that war? those experts to the former Soviet Union, but there is checked just open the file, do academic research. Is there anything wrong? have an academic bent Jiaoyuan written to me calling, I turned to the leaders of his letter, finally came to nothing out. those old comrades in the head conclusion in the end come from? is not instilled in them from the outside. to use the facts to correct some of their old ideas, say no, say the old comrades to take care of the feelings of, say, ;, what is this political logic?
six years, and should be changed and can change many things in such a logic, to become such a change, not change things, to establish basic political ethics There are many obstacles to overcome. the first, six for ten years, the country's disorder in our party to be tied to a past so many years of struggle, not without cause tossing in our own party. It makes me sad We bring disaster to the state party's toss, brought calamity to the people. so many years, we tell people that the country does not, it would chaos, and people really afraid of the extreme fear of torment, and they look forward to stability, to become ruling party and then we go on a separate . Six years ago, we put up a passage of is a basic fact. There is also a fact that is why they sacrifice? they fought for was the fact that we set the goals and ideals of China, and now, how many people know what was set up specific goals? I know, 90 years When, out of a book, entitled I have all read, and I also found a number of experts specializing in the history of the situation and asked, they told me, this book collection, all of our party in the thirties and forties published editorials, comments, statements , no one was forged. At that time, our party made the commitment to the Chinese people, to establish a democratic, free and independent country. At that time, the KMT not to engage in democracy, do not give free, no ability to make a truly independent state , have promised to replace those shoulders. These commitments it attracts numerous people with lofty ideals. Those who belong to the expense of these people.
In fact, those who committed three to four decades many works have. However, to the fifties and sixties were the writings of the editorial board change out. I have seen a document sent to the original and revised laboratory was a big shock to my heart. Now, I can openly say twenty years before I head to produce the questions, so a modified method that thousands of people have died in vain it? it is in black and white, indeed overturned the current commitment of our party. that light, this is not respect history, in essence, This is a violation of political ethics, which is tantamount to the power basis of our party was built on the beach, which can secure it? history back to the people the truth always, and not six years, seven years, not seven years eight years, people always want to know when the .91-year, some experts to the central analysis of the reasons the Soviet Union to write the report, saying that Gorbachev destroyed the Soviet openness, destroying the Soviet Union. I drew this conclusion is greatly under the question mark. as I see, not the openness wrong, but out late. In many matters, we always have some experience as a lesson learned when the experience This does not change is absolutely impossible.
founding six years, and how many things are not clear to people 80 years of drafting the ; sent later, this principle still works today, are used by some as a cover up the truth, a shield to evade historical responsibility, let the party of reform more difficult. Last year, the commemoration of three decades of reform and opening up, some turning point in the history of the parties to do a little disclosure of the truth, but still set a lot of rules, so that inspection, there is some party I chatted about 1976 to Oct. 6 years some of the things I've confirmed some of hearsay, this event behind the scenes, our people in the last year of a Southern newspaper to see. In handling of the twelve years. conceal who bears responsibility for this?
the use of a relative of the ruling party's leaders, intelligence agencies, military forces to resolve disputes within the party, this it? Premier Zhou was founded on admonished Li Kenong comrades, intelligence agencies not involved in the struggle within the party, he warned against those of our party of irregularities it? six years, and the ruling party even if not convenient to the people clear, at least tens of millions of party comrades should first make it clear, in the commends those countries into a new situation to make a special contribution to the people, it should also explicitly deny them the means used, this meet the basic political Ethics. Now, have not heard of such a denial. a party in power for six years does not pay attention to this point, what's the use to ability? no political ability to govern based on ethics, what will become the ability to I think you will seriously consider this issue.
our party six years, and began to say the decision-making more scientific and began to say the balance of power, but how to do in the end? political ethics does not seem to say not , said not enough light, but also have the means, there is a system to implement this ethic. in the absence of the founding of the time to put forward , His Holiness did not answer this problem. This serving the people sources, said that as long as the promise of a political party services for the people, there is the legitimacy of the ruling, I think that this view is premature, on the basic facts are not clear.
six years, and as long as the concerned countries future development of the people, think of how to advance the issue of political democracy, our people, social groups, both on the national political life can not express independent views, it can not actually participate in the political process, and supervision of the ruling party can not, people that they deserved this ; three no's .
I am so old, and said so much. Some young people will call me, when in office did not say how, how does this blame is justified, I can not use the objective circumstances, objective factors to shift the part I should take the historical responsibility. that so many political ethics, I would take to develop the kind of political ethics in the drafting of .80 The political quality of the elderly. But he believes that this evaluation should help us to do it. This way, difficult to leave. If neither future generations the kind of qualifications Comrade Xiaoping, and do not speak basic political ethics, which After things have to rely on to future generations of. Someone has to speak up, I considered one of the bar.
Wednesday, February 23, 2011
Gong Li Honglei for the person just abandon the old love Valentine's circle
Honglei (Honglei Honglei image index), and Gong Li in the film film Zhou Yu's Train divorced. At the time, people here are shocked. Since the Sun Zhou Gong Li starred in film out, the teacher pointed out, Sun Zhou is just a pretext, the real third party is , Honglei just finished, temperament, a very boy, woman, and she always give me jokes, let us all happy, in short, outside the movies feeling better than in the play. themselves more masculine, this feeling is when he talked about past several partners had not been shown.
insiders mm Gong, and Sun only lover
yesterday, reporters tried to find two or more confirmed news , the two mobile phones in the country were shut down, an insider who declined to be named told reporters, two in France Honglei and Gong Li, Gong Li endorsement last month because of a publicity photo shoot to go to Paris in cosmetics, Honglei Zeyi Gong Li as assistant to four days after the end of the work, the two began a vacation trip to France, said to have photographed their hand at the Cannes beach photos.
circle a good relationship with the Honglei The director said to the reporter, Honglei the past few years, special relationship, Ding actress with the
insiders mm Gong, and Sun only lover
yesterday, reporters tried to find two or more confirmed news , the two mobile phones in the country were shut down, an insider who declined to be named told reporters, two in France Honglei and Gong Li, Gong Li endorsement last month because of a publicity photo shoot to go to Paris in cosmetics, Honglei Zeyi Gong Li as assistant to four days after the end of the work, the two began a vacation trip to France, said to have photographed their hand at the Cannes beach photos.
circle a good relationship with the Honglei The director said to the reporter, Honglei the past few years, special relationship, Ding actress with the
Tuesday, February 22, 2011
Liu Meng Xiong winning 108 futures
Ninety-ninth chapter: the double top and double bottom (signal posts)
an upward move from the A point of departure, rose to the peak point of B, C points fell back, come back up again to about the same price point B D , the formation of another peak, followed to fall, below the A point and C point pulled into the extension of the , it is generally called M top-down signal is strong, W end of the rise is a reliable sign.
trend chart is a record price and time. from the charts can also be observed from the surface of a sentiment is the ebb and flow, but also the image of the rich Inspiration.
why before allowing the market fell, the first top (OVER THE TOP), resulting in not before the horse, fried Phase unwound, rush, such as missed some. Therefore, the ;, the entire decline in the trend can be confirmed.
the opposite case, the point of purchase the buyer to let go, in a recovery for granted.
sometimes , is a golden opportunity to attack short. But whether to take advantage of the not only to know its basic concepts, more importantly, to understand its principles, in the end do not wear a purchase, Index. lack of confidence in the market outlook; three times in the end no more cheap after the blaze, proved to restore the confidence of the market outlook. we reduced confidence, popularity and lax, to the formation of decline; you confidence and strong popularity, arises rally.
the so-called reach the peak is not broken three times, is the result of two forces: one is the broken three times, indicating that the . to do short, it is to go with the strong. In turn, three times in the end do not wear, is a good opportunity to do the same long reason.
Secondly, if not broken three times reach the peak of the trend is clearly to complete large ;. Three pulled distributed to the top of each bureau is a false rally, trend began back in the , the pressure to absorb the way the city, so to follow suit to buy.
saying: inalienable. long occasion, we must limit orders set at the first stop, million m breaking the top hole in the bottom to indemnities, this will sit back and relax.
Article one: big dome and big round bottom (signaling articles)
futures decline by the upward or the downward trend turned upward transition into the process, sometimes collapse; sometimes by is a typical and large bottoms.
big dome and big round bottom part of the gradient and chronic to signal the market. dome shape is: a big rally, the market situation into a stalemate, the daily volatility of small, first creeping up day by day, and then creeping down day by day, more days in the chart on the daily chart just form a parabola, and then begin a decline. On the contrary, round shape is: a big decline, the trend into leather situation, not a day on and off, the first creeping down day by day, and then creeping up day by day, more days in the chart on the daily chart happens to form a > graphics in a variety of changing its stance, the big dome and big round bottom is the longest form of brewing, the general time-consuming two to three months. is a special slow motion. The reason is this:
First, gestation period, the dominant supply and demand: economic, political, human factors and no obvious major changes, but the lack of breaking news into the market. can be said to be , the pace appears to be relatively slow.
Third, when the big ship in the dome and the brewing group to absorb the end of purchase process, with quantity to quality is demonstrated when action loss, if beyond the highest point of the parabola to indemnities; Conversely, when we found the time to form a round bottom can be worth more than the end point of the arc to start limit stop, round-bottomed case fell below the lowest to surrender. In short, the map is dead, people are living. With the strain precautionary measures, > one hundred and second chapter: the flag-shaped and fall flag (signaling articles)
any kind of movement, has its preparation, production, development process. recorded in the chart to show a certain shape. a Once the graphic shape, usually have a considerable development of the market outlook inspiration. though not absolute, but the higher rate because of the opportunity, has its reference value.
shape and drop the flag on the flag graphics are technically more reliable one . called on the flag-shaped, a shape like this: a rising, like a flagpole in the coordinates; next four or five days at roughly the same volatility charts, but the daily high, low than the previous day lower, the highest point of the days of drawing a straight line, will pull into the other days of the lowest point in a straight line, exactly parallel to the oblique shape of the bottom right of the flag. On the contrary, a decrease of the flag is such a shape: round steadily fell in the graph, such as a flagpole; next four or five days at roughly the same volatility charts, but the daily peak, higher low than the previous day, the highest point of the past few days, pull into a straight line, will pull into the lowest point in the past few days declared another line, just the top right of the flag parallel oblique shape.
flag is made large gains or large losses of product technical adjustments. So the flag of the direction and trend in the opposite direction. As a buyer or selling profit-taking at home and re-admission day to day, no disease in batches do not have plans Xu, according to the steps, so create a more rule-like the flag, followed by the daily high and low points in the same direction parallel to the move.
is usually a big rally in the flag halfway point or large losses, the adjustment is equivalent to the original upward or downward trend in the twenty to fifty percent. After the adjustment, the above form as the starting point of the flag will again the second wave of rally; the following lowering of the flag shaped as a base for the second wave will decline further. the second wave of upward or downward trend, broadly equivalent to the original first wave of flag-shaped signal is a breakthrough: the highest price the past few days breaking up the flag pulled into the channel, the second wave began to rally; decline signals a breakthrough flag is: below the lowest days of the flag into the bottom pull, the second wave decline again. Generally speaking, a breakthrough in the flag from the fifth day from the start of count one day after the emergence of investment strategy is bribery and other dual-feed immediately after the break.
In both cases, the flag will metamorphism: first, if the adjustment is more than the original months, must also be combined with the basic factors, large practices, psychological and other individual investors to comprehensive analysis in order to make correct judgments on the market. seize the time the chart signals have to beware of the trap chart, therefore, without reference to superstition on the right.
first one hundred and three: reference to the trend line Trading (signal posts)
Guyun: emotional understanding of past trends it value. The concept of trend line is: in a rising trend in the upward move of two or more of the the decline of two or more waves of the long contracts can still be held; if below the trend line to turn as potential to be short changed. Conversely, if the trend is still down trend line below the path of free, short and some can still be retained; if l more downtrend line, that is, buying signals, to read for long.
futures market price trends, battle forces determined by the buyers and sellers. The chart is actually a upper hand, the chart is the wave of a wave; sellers accounted for an overwhelming advantage, the chart to draw a wave of low wave. rising above the trend line of the direction of movement of inertia; downward trend line reverse path, so as the signal into the cargo.
However, according to the trend line to buy or sell signal is too simple. because the two or three waves, or down trend line, is very plain, very easy, entrants, therefore, market the big favorite when the trend line of superstition prey, intends to break a broken line, to set up a chart to trap you shit, and then back, you kill a puzzled, I do not know how it was. Therefore, even if the downward trend line break charts or fell below the trend line, you have to integrated supply and demand at that time, economic, political and other factors, the basic analysis to see whether it is bullish or bearish, this foreign , it is not easy to . when can Scaring ourselves; because the front is not a There Shaolin boxing, Emei School, Mountain Pine hh m like so diverse, the technical analysis of futures trading is also in the application of basis for doing business.
moving average of a wide range of ways to calculate terms, there are three categories. calculated as:
a simple moving average (SIMPLE MA). that add up to several days and then the closing price of divided by the number of days on the chart from one m-point links. For example ���� average closing price is taken into account, including today, dates back to the five-day closing price divided by five.
Second, linear weighted moving average ( LINEARLY WEIGHTED MA). the number of days of the closing price and a decreasing order according to the different reciprocal proportion to weighted moving average line. For example, on the 10th of linear weighted moving average, is to today's closing price multiplied by ten, the closing price yesterday multiplied by nine, eight times the closing price the day before the first O hh last day closing price multiplied by one divided by the total add up to Fifth.
the three, linear non-weighted moving average (NONmLINEARLY WEIGHTED MA). Principles and Linear weighted moving average, as are the nearer the date of the closing price of the preparation of accounts for the greater weight, the farther away from the preparation date of the closing price of the share weighted less, but the decline is not one. but take a proper weights. Such a weighted average method is more complex.
many technical analysts, can not be several days before the closing price of par on the afternoon of inspiration, it should be the closing price the more the market outlook, new inspiration to the more large, the closing price of the older market outlook, the less inspiration. Therefore, in advance of the first simple moving average based on the average line of the latter two developed the compilation method. In effect, the latter two using the average line advantages than the former, because the simple moving average can not be quickly reflected in market prices of urgency to fluctuations, the signal slowly. But the big trends of various average provides a more accurate message.
trading using moving average method There are basically:
one higher than the average closing price of the Purchase; closing price below the average selling time;
Second, when the market bottom, the average line up to buy more; when market price of top-down, below the average time to sell;
Third, the use of two different lengths of moving average trading. When the short-term moving average line from the bottom up, and go over to buy long-term moving average line ; if top-down short-term moving average, fell below the long-term moving average selling;
four, when the closing price higher than the short and long term moving average line to buy two, one when the price is lower than the average immediately leave the line open, when the closing price is lower than the short term, long-term moving average line to sell the two, when the average value is higher than one margin call when the settlement so soon.
moving average trading practices in the use of many common feature is focused on the basic trend of the moment regardless of price fluctuations. drawback is that resilience can not, can be described as Lingwu Posts: Figure is dead people are alive (chapter signals)
decided what type of people tend to measure the city of wonder; sometimes clearly below the , the market conditions but upward rise; sometimes obviously strength index fell to ten, according to projections is greatly oversold RSI formula, to the rebound, market conditions have continued to tumble. losses worth more than shouted: ;
these people forget one important difference: the chart is dead, people are living; theory is quiet, people are moving.
who ignored a basic fact: the market was organized by the different views and different strength, different sexual Luo, different style, different motives, people of different cultures posed by hh, and every human mind is so complex, emotional is so elusive, like all investors, , according to some charts, some formula presentation, everyone in unison called ; stabilized What a ridiculous situation! everyone does not make mistakes, how can one correct?
if there is a chart, theory of market activities, it is precisely in a variety of analysis tools and sometimes correct, sometimes the wrong environment to keep the continuity. man himself by time, space limitations, it is the creation of various schools of theory, of course will be measured by the city time and space limitations. Even if we test a theory of city accumulated some experience, some gains, but also clearly recognize that we control the trend is only partially correct, sometimes incorrect; if think you all from the right, always right, even boasted but our tools to be eighteen when they make good use of the weapons used. If prostrated in front of a theory, is obviously a br> investment in futures trading, of course, understand the market. streaky analysis tools on the market entry: From the K line graph, line graph to the trend line, moving average, from scratch, shoulders, and fell down the shoulder line to the end of the resistance and support points, from volume and price analysis to the application of RSI, from the wave theory, the Golden Section to a random target, etc., we can learn, can explore, but one sentence: You can refer to, not superstition.
any person test theory is founded City . must be the view from a certain angle, . its limitations, relative, not absolute accuracy, sub-sub-efficacious.
many people are respected Strength Index RSI theory. a Chicago lumber futures fell to close ten regional RSI, according to overbought and oversold to twenty is, ; area and then further down to the equivalent of one-third of the total value of the price, all the bulls brutally Tongzai, to make up six margin should be decapitated. This is far more than the long defeat of investors, is simply RSI theory itself Waterloo !
no doubt that all the theory, can be found in the previous chart prove efficacious, prove efficacious in finding the ; popular , RSI broke ten, and actually a total of nineteen days Diezu! what theory have failed, experts far more than a bug-eyed, almost fell out of the eyes! Why? popularity dictates!
In short, the various test market theory, can not die hold dogma, find what you want. more should not be self-proclaimed enlightenment, possessed by the devil. maybe, one hundred and seventh articles: expert opinion can not be blindly followed (signal posts)
originally Everyone has their own brain, but some people CD experts lead. expert reviews good, they have bought; expert advice bearish, they to rush to sell. others, and picked up the pace. I think it is not wise.
Not long ago, I received a number of accounts, a senior authoritative source of insight: In view of the Philippine panel in July and August compared soybean futures June, September, low price, should be adjusted according to, so long rush to do. Unexpectedly, the Associated Press reported two days later, the U.S. soybean growing areas, abundant rainfall, Chicago and Tokyo plunged hearing soybeans, soybean drag on both the Philippine plate circuit breakers, these accounts are showing big losses. I asked the account manager: , listen to expert advice this time ah! ranking positions in financial institutions. their knowledge of the market, no doubt more profound; on trend analysis, is indeed fair; the application of strategy, of course, more skilled. but the limitations, they will be What pursuits to market to tell you, write reviews, when the experts do!
futures market is not up is down, do not make that deficit down. If measured solely on trading results, we can say only and ; through five passes, Killing Six, rods have been Taotao Ran. one think they see absolutely accurate, the desperate, the results move in the opposite, annihilated, and even share their own number in the gold shares have lost a quarter out, depressed and out. In turn, he men with high educational level has its own way, a man, not the boss of superstition as an expert, but it made a lot of money. bear the shares down, suddenly promoted to boss. that the expert past, it is thought-provoking!
of experts and authoritative opinion should pay attention to, but not blindly. Have you ever thought one hundred and eight: Boundless Learning CD Qin and be saved (signal posts)
Fortune Daily News a few months ago suggested to me: one hundred and eight strokes, OK? was temporarily m sections.
Why not say constant change, new market every day, every moment has a new challenge, always have, . one hundred and eight Ye Hao, one thousand and eighty, neither the truth can finish, say to do. to do too old to learn. there is life, not been explored.
recent years, due to study the market, therefore, to have been to four continents, including Europe, America and other Asian and African countries and regions, I find that the most potential money to cover the financial markets or l foot eye, Exchange under the president's repeated inviting. August 1988 come to Taiwan. in Taiwan's business sector, media and officials, exchange, was in Taiwan to explore, develop the futures market, in law, concept, business remains a lot of work on both authorities, operators and investors work together to do feedback can be described numerous problems, problems of a mountain, ; long way to go. . effective use of futures hedging; no futures market, the difficult into a financial center; investment, speculation, white cat, black cat; to Quezon City and the line, not afraid of mistakes, afraid of drag; to pick watermelon, do not do too sesame; to divide our forces gradually, Do not gamble and so on. a lot of concepts and principles, different from the kind of ups and downs forecast tomorrow is only round the clock vitality, it is acceptable to the test of time and space.
fact, I wrote so far is very easy to understand truth. write is not difficult, reading is not difficult, really is the hardest. write one thing and doing another, or say m sets, do another, in the futures market are difficult to stop the victor's ranks. However, if investors and brokers are not even the basic concept is correct, it would tantamount to ground and the shore is
an upward move from the A point of departure, rose to the peak point of B, C points fell back, come back up again to about the same price point B D , the formation of another peak, followed to fall, below the A point and C point pulled into the extension of the , it is generally called M top-down signal is strong, W end of the rise is a reliable sign.
trend chart is a record price and time. from the charts can also be observed from the surface of a sentiment is the ebb and flow, but also the image of the rich Inspiration.
why before allowing the market fell, the first top (OVER THE TOP), resulting in not before the horse, fried Phase unwound, rush, such as missed some. Therefore, the ;, the entire decline in the trend can be confirmed.
the opposite case, the point of purchase the buyer to let go, in a recovery for granted.
sometimes , is a golden opportunity to attack short. But whether to take advantage of the not only to know its basic concepts, more importantly, to understand its principles, in the end do not wear a purchase, Index. lack of confidence in the market outlook; three times in the end no more cheap after the blaze, proved to restore the confidence of the market outlook. we reduced confidence, popularity and lax, to the formation of decline; you confidence and strong popularity, arises rally.
the so-called reach the peak is not broken three times, is the result of two forces: one is the broken three times, indicating that the . to do short, it is to go with the strong. In turn, three times in the end do not wear, is a good opportunity to do the same long reason.
Secondly, if not broken three times reach the peak of the trend is clearly to complete large ;. Three pulled distributed to the top of each bureau is a false rally, trend began back in the , the pressure to absorb the way the city, so to follow suit to buy.
saying: inalienable. long occasion, we must limit orders set at the first stop, million m breaking the top hole in the bottom to indemnities, this will sit back and relax.
Article one: big dome and big round bottom (signaling articles)
futures decline by the upward or the downward trend turned upward transition into the process, sometimes collapse; sometimes by is a typical and large bottoms.
big dome and big round bottom part of the gradient and chronic to signal the market. dome shape is: a big rally, the market situation into a stalemate, the daily volatility of small, first creeping up day by day, and then creeping down day by day, more days in the chart on the daily chart just form a parabola, and then begin a decline. On the contrary, round shape is: a big decline, the trend into leather situation, not a day on and off, the first creeping down day by day, and then creeping up day by day, more days in the chart on the daily chart happens to form a > graphics in a variety of changing its stance, the big dome and big round bottom is the longest form of brewing, the general time-consuming two to three months. is a special slow motion. The reason is this:
First, gestation period, the dominant supply and demand: economic, political, human factors and no obvious major changes, but the lack of breaking news into the market. can be said to be , the pace appears to be relatively slow.
Third, when the big ship in the dome and the brewing group to absorb the end of purchase process, with quantity to quality is demonstrated when action loss, if beyond the highest point of the parabola to indemnities; Conversely, when we found the time to form a round bottom can be worth more than the end point of the arc to start limit stop, round-bottomed case fell below the lowest to surrender. In short, the map is dead, people are living. With the strain precautionary measures, > one hundred and second chapter: the flag-shaped and fall flag (signaling articles)
any kind of movement, has its preparation, production, development process. recorded in the chart to show a certain shape. a Once the graphic shape, usually have a considerable development of the market outlook inspiration. though not absolute, but the higher rate because of the opportunity, has its reference value.
shape and drop the flag on the flag graphics are technically more reliable one . called on the flag-shaped, a shape like this: a rising, like a flagpole in the coordinates; next four or five days at roughly the same volatility charts, but the daily high, low than the previous day lower, the highest point of the days of drawing a straight line, will pull into the other days of the lowest point in a straight line, exactly parallel to the oblique shape of the bottom right of the flag. On the contrary, a decrease of the flag is such a shape: round steadily fell in the graph, such as a flagpole; next four or five days at roughly the same volatility charts, but the daily peak, higher low than the previous day, the highest point of the past few days, pull into a straight line, will pull into the lowest point in the past few days declared another line, just the top right of the flag parallel oblique shape.
flag is made large gains or large losses of product technical adjustments. So the flag of the direction and trend in the opposite direction. As a buyer or selling profit-taking at home and re-admission day to day, no disease in batches do not have plans Xu, according to the steps, so create a more rule-like the flag, followed by the daily high and low points in the same direction parallel to the move.
is usually a big rally in the flag halfway point or large losses, the adjustment is equivalent to the original upward or downward trend in the twenty to fifty percent. After the adjustment, the above form as the starting point of the flag will again the second wave of rally; the following lowering of the flag shaped as a base for the second wave will decline further. the second wave of upward or downward trend, broadly equivalent to the original first wave of flag-shaped signal is a breakthrough: the highest price the past few days breaking up the flag pulled into the channel, the second wave began to rally; decline signals a breakthrough flag is: below the lowest days of the flag into the bottom pull, the second wave decline again. Generally speaking, a breakthrough in the flag from the fifth day from the start of count one day after the emergence of investment strategy is bribery and other dual-feed immediately after the break.
In both cases, the flag will metamorphism: first, if the adjustment is more than the original months, must also be combined with the basic factors, large practices, psychological and other individual investors to comprehensive analysis in order to make correct judgments on the market. seize the time the chart signals have to beware of the trap chart, therefore, without reference to superstition on the right.
first one hundred and three: reference to the trend line Trading (signal posts)
Guyun: emotional understanding of past trends it value. The concept of trend line is: in a rising trend in the upward move of two or more of the the decline of two or more waves of the long contracts can still be held; if below the trend line to turn as potential to be short changed. Conversely, if the trend is still down trend line below the path of free, short and some can still be retained; if l more downtrend line, that is, buying signals, to read for long.
futures market price trends, battle forces determined by the buyers and sellers. The chart is actually a upper hand, the chart is the wave of a wave; sellers accounted for an overwhelming advantage, the chart to draw a wave of low wave. rising above the trend line of the direction of movement of inertia; downward trend line reverse path, so as the signal into the cargo.
However, according to the trend line to buy or sell signal is too simple. because the two or three waves, or down trend line, is very plain, very easy, entrants, therefore, market the big favorite when the trend line of superstition prey, intends to break a broken line, to set up a chart to trap you shit, and then back, you kill a puzzled, I do not know how it was. Therefore, even if the downward trend line break charts or fell below the trend line, you have to integrated supply and demand at that time, economic, political and other factors, the basic analysis to see whether it is bullish or bearish, this foreign , it is not easy to . when can Scaring ourselves; because the front is not a There Shaolin boxing, Emei School, Mountain Pine hh m like so diverse, the technical analysis of futures trading is also in the application of basis for doing business.
moving average of a wide range of ways to calculate terms, there are three categories. calculated as:
a simple moving average (SIMPLE MA). that add up to several days and then the closing price of divided by the number of days on the chart from one m-point links. For example ���� average closing price is taken into account, including today, dates back to the five-day closing price divided by five.
Second, linear weighted moving average ( LINEARLY WEIGHTED MA). the number of days of the closing price and a decreasing order according to the different reciprocal proportion to weighted moving average line. For example, on the 10th of linear weighted moving average, is to today's closing price multiplied by ten, the closing price yesterday multiplied by nine, eight times the closing price the day before the first O hh last day closing price multiplied by one divided by the total add up to Fifth.
the three, linear non-weighted moving average (NONmLINEARLY WEIGHTED MA). Principles and Linear weighted moving average, as are the nearer the date of the closing price of the preparation of accounts for the greater weight, the farther away from the preparation date of the closing price of the share weighted less, but the decline is not one. but take a proper weights. Such a weighted average method is more complex.
many technical analysts, can not be several days before the closing price of par on the afternoon of inspiration, it should be the closing price the more the market outlook, new inspiration to the more large, the closing price of the older market outlook, the less inspiration. Therefore, in advance of the first simple moving average based on the average line of the latter two developed the compilation method. In effect, the latter two using the average line advantages than the former, because the simple moving average can not be quickly reflected in market prices of urgency to fluctuations, the signal slowly. But the big trends of various average provides a more accurate message.
trading using moving average method There are basically:
one higher than the average closing price of the Purchase; closing price below the average selling time;
Second, when the market bottom, the average line up to buy more; when market price of top-down, below the average time to sell;
Third, the use of two different lengths of moving average trading. When the short-term moving average line from the bottom up, and go over to buy long-term moving average line ; if top-down short-term moving average, fell below the long-term moving average selling;
four, when the closing price higher than the short and long term moving average line to buy two, one when the price is lower than the average immediately leave the line open, when the closing price is lower than the short term, long-term moving average line to sell the two, when the average value is higher than one margin call when the settlement so soon.
moving average trading practices in the use of many common feature is focused on the basic trend of the moment regardless of price fluctuations. drawback is that resilience can not, can be described as Lingwu Posts: Figure is dead people are alive (chapter signals)
decided what type of people tend to measure the city of wonder; sometimes clearly below the , the market conditions but upward rise; sometimes obviously strength index fell to ten, according to projections is greatly oversold RSI formula, to the rebound, market conditions have continued to tumble. losses worth more than shouted: ;
these people forget one important difference: the chart is dead, people are living; theory is quiet, people are moving.
who ignored a basic fact: the market was organized by the different views and different strength, different sexual Luo, different style, different motives, people of different cultures posed by hh, and every human mind is so complex, emotional is so elusive, like all investors, , according to some charts, some formula presentation, everyone in unison called ; stabilized What a ridiculous situation! everyone does not make mistakes, how can one correct?
if there is a chart, theory of market activities, it is precisely in a variety of analysis tools and sometimes correct, sometimes the wrong environment to keep the continuity. man himself by time, space limitations, it is the creation of various schools of theory, of course will be measured by the city time and space limitations. Even if we test a theory of city accumulated some experience, some gains, but also clearly recognize that we control the trend is only partially correct, sometimes incorrect; if think you all from the right, always right, even boasted but our tools to be eighteen when they make good use of the weapons used. If prostrated in front of a theory, is obviously a br> investment in futures trading, of course, understand the market. streaky analysis tools on the market entry: From the K line graph, line graph to the trend line, moving average, from scratch, shoulders, and fell down the shoulder line to the end of the resistance and support points, from volume and price analysis to the application of RSI, from the wave theory, the Golden Section to a random target, etc., we can learn, can explore, but one sentence: You can refer to, not superstition.
any person test theory is founded City . must be the view from a certain angle, . its limitations, relative, not absolute accuracy, sub-sub-efficacious.
many people are respected Strength Index RSI theory. a Chicago lumber futures fell to close ten regional RSI, according to overbought and oversold to twenty is, ; area and then further down to the equivalent of one-third of the total value of the price, all the bulls brutally Tongzai, to make up six margin should be decapitated. This is far more than the long defeat of investors, is simply RSI theory itself Waterloo !
no doubt that all the theory, can be found in the previous chart prove efficacious, prove efficacious in finding the ; popular , RSI broke ten, and actually a total of nineteen days Diezu! what theory have failed, experts far more than a bug-eyed, almost fell out of the eyes! Why? popularity dictates!
In short, the various test market theory, can not die hold dogma, find what you want. more should not be self-proclaimed enlightenment, possessed by the devil. maybe, one hundred and seventh articles: expert opinion can not be blindly followed (signal posts)
originally Everyone has their own brain, but some people CD experts lead. expert reviews good, they have bought; expert advice bearish, they to rush to sell. others, and picked up the pace. I think it is not wise.
Not long ago, I received a number of accounts, a senior authoritative source of insight: In view of the Philippine panel in July and August compared soybean futures June, September, low price, should be adjusted according to, so long rush to do. Unexpectedly, the Associated Press reported two days later, the U.S. soybean growing areas, abundant rainfall, Chicago and Tokyo plunged hearing soybeans, soybean drag on both the Philippine plate circuit breakers, these accounts are showing big losses. I asked the account manager: , listen to expert advice this time ah! ranking positions in financial institutions. their knowledge of the market, no doubt more profound; on trend analysis, is indeed fair; the application of strategy, of course, more skilled. but the limitations, they will be What pursuits to market to tell you, write reviews, when the experts do!
futures market is not up is down, do not make that deficit down. If measured solely on trading results, we can say only and ; through five passes, Killing Six, rods have been Taotao Ran. one think they see absolutely accurate, the desperate, the results move in the opposite, annihilated, and even share their own number in the gold shares have lost a quarter out, depressed and out. In turn, he men with high educational level has its own way, a man, not the boss of superstition as an expert, but it made a lot of money. bear the shares down, suddenly promoted to boss. that the expert past, it is thought-provoking!
of experts and authoritative opinion should pay attention to, but not blindly. Have you ever thought one hundred and eight: Boundless Learning CD Qin and be saved (signal posts)
Fortune Daily News a few months ago suggested to me: one hundred and eight strokes, OK? was temporarily m sections.
Why not say constant change, new market every day, every moment has a new challenge, always have, . one hundred and eight Ye Hao, one thousand and eighty, neither the truth can finish, say to do. to do too old to learn. there is life, not been explored.
recent years, due to study the market, therefore, to have been to four continents, including Europe, America and other Asian and African countries and regions, I find that the most potential money to cover the financial markets or l foot eye, Exchange under the president's repeated inviting. August 1988 come to Taiwan. in Taiwan's business sector, media and officials, exchange, was in Taiwan to explore, develop the futures market, in law, concept, business remains a lot of work on both authorities, operators and investors work together to do feedback can be described numerous problems, problems of a mountain, ; long way to go. . effective use of futures hedging; no futures market, the difficult into a financial center; investment, speculation, white cat, black cat; to Quezon City and the line, not afraid of mistakes, afraid of drag; to pick watermelon, do not do too sesame; to divide our forces gradually, Do not gamble and so on. a lot of concepts and principles, different from the kind of ups and downs forecast tomorrow is only round the clock vitality, it is acceptable to the test of time and space.
fact, I wrote so far is very easy to understand truth. write is not difficult, reading is not difficult, really is the hardest. write one thing and doing another, or say m sets, do another, in the futures market are difficult to stop the victor's ranks. However, if investors and brokers are not even the basic concept is correct, it would tantamount to ground and the shore is
Monday, February 21, 2011
To accept all of the work, not just the benefits and happiness
Work can give us money, can not get elsewhere, we have a sense of accomplishment. But one thing should not be forgotten, substantial material rewards and a huge sense of achievement is how much hard work and dedication to overcome difficulties in the size of the proportional.
Admittedly, people have the instinct while avoiding disadvantages. If the receiving task to move the piano, most people will be lifted up bravely to take the light of the piano stool. but we are at work, not play ! having chosen this profession, chose this job, you have to accept it all, and not just to enjoy the benefits and happiness it brings you. Even the humiliation and verbal abuse, that is also part of this job. If you can not say that a cleaner endure the smell of garbage, he can become a qualified cleaner? If that can not tolerate a salesman and the customer's sarcastic face, how can he hit it good sales?
every job has its hard place. manual workers, because of poor working conditions are tired; in the office bright and clean work of middle managers, because of busy coordinating the various contradictions and mental and physical exhaustion; living in high-status leaders, saddled with the company overall operation of the internal management and corporate pressure. You can not imagine a general manager, said: ;
just want to enjoy the benefits of working and happy man, is an irresponsible person. their complaints in the chatter, in the reluctance to cope with the work done, certainly not enjoy the happiness, but can not get the joy of promotion and pay rise. But we can not forget the honor of the work entrusted to you, do not forget your responsibility, not to forget your mission. embrace the work of all, in addition to the benefits and happiness, as well as hard and be patient. < br>
Admittedly, people have the instinct while avoiding disadvantages. If the receiving task to move the piano, most people will be lifted up bravely to take the light of the piano stool. but we are at work, not play ! having chosen this profession, chose this job, you have to accept it all, and not just to enjoy the benefits and happiness it brings you. Even the humiliation and verbal abuse, that is also part of this job. If you can not say that a cleaner endure the smell of garbage, he can become a qualified cleaner? If that can not tolerate a salesman and the customer's sarcastic face, how can he hit it good sales?
every job has its hard place. manual workers, because of poor working conditions are tired; in the office bright and clean work of middle managers, because of busy coordinating the various contradictions and mental and physical exhaustion; living in high-status leaders, saddled with the company overall operation of the internal management and corporate pressure. You can not imagine a general manager, said: ;
just want to enjoy the benefits of working and happy man, is an irresponsible person. their complaints in the chatter, in the reluctance to cope with the work done, certainly not enjoy the happiness, but can not get the joy of promotion and pay rise. But we can not forget the honor of the work entrusted to you, do not forget your responsibility, not to forget your mission. embrace the work of all, in addition to the benefits and happiness, as well as hard and be patient. < br>
Sunday, February 20, 2011
Houston's economic restructuring
Conclusion of a study 5 years Zou causal Blue
Houston's case provides some inspiration. Although the basic to the U.S. Houston, is the rise in oil exploitation and the city. in the 1960s, the local decline in oil exploration activities. But Houston is not a downstream extension. Meanwhile, the U.S. Apollo space program, also contributed to the Houston industrial restructuring. the one hand, oil-driven research and development for oil extraction and processing services, machinery, cement, electricity, steel, paper , food, transportation and other industries; the other hand, the federal government set up in Houston Space Center, located at the top of the aerospace giant pyramid technology, led the Apollo program to provide comprehensive services to more than 1,300 high-tech Enterprise leaving these industries form a stable industrial base. University of Houston, should be transported into the sky, rapid growth, known as the South Harvard. Houston's thriving economic and social development, and even from across the country to attract foreign talent, This in turn further promote the development of various industries in Houston. But three decades, the Houston base from the Daqing Petroleum and Chemical Industry mainly as a city transformed into a comprehensive industrial system with the emerging modern city. < br> After the ban on logging of natural forests, forests in Southwest China, because the natural ecological and landscape resources, tourism development and smooth because of the pillar industries will be developed, there is the late result of .90 Lijiang area in Yunnan Kunming International Garden Exposition held in Yunnan Tourism warming, northwest Yunnan Lijiang and Diqing two regions of the pillar industries shift from forestry to tourism to ensure the smooth realization of the year 1999, the number of tourists in Lijiang million people, tourism and related income of the tertiary industry accounted for the total county Qi Cheng income more than successfully achieved by the Lang local economic restructuring.
my initial conclusion
present, relatively smooth economic restructuring in several places, or the relatively strong financial capacity of the oil city, or better location advantage area, or Folk natural beauty rich in resources, ecological environment is beautiful and conducive to the development of the local tourism industry. from the situation, we can get the following conclusion.
one single city resources, industrial structure transformation requires a lot of financial support.
Second, to a large extent, originally under the central or provincial industrial restructuring and the need to strengthen the integration of the local economy to take advantage of external markets and resources to help in transition.
Third, industrial restructuring, the need for reasonable and industry-oriented development strategy, or direction of the industrial chain for the resource to the local extension of the middle and downstream industries involved in processing of these resources; or through integration into the local economy, local advantages in resources, primary processing and deep processing, as starting point for local economic development to inject new vitality.
four more in the mountainous forest areas and ethnic areas, environmental conditions are good, folklore is rich in resources, tourism and the high threshold of eco-tourism and leisure, on the southwest forest and the Northeast Forest, are more reasonable choice.
Houston's case provides some inspiration. Although the basic to the U.S. Houston, is the rise in oil exploitation and the city. in the 1960s, the local decline in oil exploration activities. But Houston is not a downstream extension. Meanwhile, the U.S. Apollo space program, also contributed to the Houston industrial restructuring. the one hand, oil-driven research and development for oil extraction and processing services, machinery, cement, electricity, steel, paper , food, transportation and other industries; the other hand, the federal government set up in Houston Space Center, located at the top of the aerospace giant pyramid technology, led the Apollo program to provide comprehensive services to more than 1,300 high-tech Enterprise leaving these industries form a stable industrial base. University of Houston, should be transported into the sky, rapid growth, known as the South Harvard. Houston's thriving economic and social development, and even from across the country to attract foreign talent, This in turn further promote the development of various industries in Houston. But three decades, the Houston base from the Daqing Petroleum and Chemical Industry mainly as a city transformed into a comprehensive industrial system with the emerging modern city. < br> After the ban on logging of natural forests, forests in Southwest China, because the natural ecological and landscape resources, tourism development and smooth because of the pillar industries will be developed, there is the late result of .90 Lijiang area in Yunnan Kunming International Garden Exposition held in Yunnan Tourism warming, northwest Yunnan Lijiang and Diqing two regions of the pillar industries shift from forestry to tourism to ensure the smooth realization of the year 1999, the number of tourists in Lijiang million people, tourism and related income of the tertiary industry accounted for the total county Qi Cheng income more than successfully achieved by the Lang local economic restructuring.
my initial conclusion
present, relatively smooth economic restructuring in several places, or the relatively strong financial capacity of the oil city, or better location advantage area, or Folk natural beauty rich in resources, ecological environment is beautiful and conducive to the development of the local tourism industry. from the situation, we can get the following conclusion.
one single city resources, industrial structure transformation requires a lot of financial support.
Second, to a large extent, originally under the central or provincial industrial restructuring and the need to strengthen the integration of the local economy to take advantage of external markets and resources to help in transition.
Third, industrial restructuring, the need for reasonable and industry-oriented development strategy, or direction of the industrial chain for the resource to the local extension of the middle and downstream industries involved in processing of these resources; or through integration into the local economy, local advantages in resources, primary processing and deep processing, as starting point for local economic development to inject new vitality.
four more in the mountainous forest areas and ethnic areas, environmental conditions are good, folklore is rich in resources, tourism and the high threshold of eco-tourism and leisure, on the southwest forest and the Northeast Forest, are more reasonable choice.
Thursday, February 17, 2011
Fall in love with Ruby Lin Wang Xiaoshuai denies hand in public because drunk (Figure)
More skin care products information, please visit:
today and Wang Xiaoshuai burst out, gossip-handed clean.
Ruby microblogging released at noon today: not enough! want to have a very serious personal orientation r l I discussed this problem! : Recently, Zhao Wei, Ruby Lin and Wang Xiaoshuai with, to her most beloved Julu road Huige pot meal, this popular seafood hot pot restaurant, a favorite celebrity, about 500 yuan per capita consumption, is quite distinctive, Zhao Wei favorite for many years. Skin Care hurried meal finished, a pedestrian till KTV rooms watching singing, just after twelve, watching a game, Zhao Wei and his party to disband, when more care of her mother's body, skin care products However, in Zhao Wei Assistant mighty and brokers more than a dozen before leaving, to leave in the Ruby and Wang Xiaoshuai'd clung to the media attention surrounding the two mm under the watchful eyes, no fingers closely to avoid arousing suspicion, standing at the gate of the Find car on the steps, and then under the guidance of the assistant, it is so out of hand in hand all the way to the car, and also during the Ruby Wang Xiaoshuai talking, laughing skin care products from time to time, looking like a pair of tacit lovers.
today and Wang Xiaoshuai burst out, gossip-handed clean.
Ruby microblogging released at noon today: not enough! want to have a very serious personal orientation r l I discussed this problem! : Recently, Zhao Wei, Ruby Lin and Wang Xiaoshuai with, to her most beloved Julu road Huige pot meal, this popular seafood hot pot restaurant, a favorite celebrity, about 500 yuan per capita consumption, is quite distinctive, Zhao Wei favorite for many years. Skin Care hurried meal finished, a pedestrian till KTV rooms watching singing, just after twelve, watching a game, Zhao Wei and his party to disband, when more care of her mother's body, skin care products However, in Zhao Wei Assistant mighty and brokers more than a dozen before leaving, to leave in the Ruby and Wang Xiaoshuai'd clung to the media attention surrounding the two mm under the watchful eyes, no fingers closely to avoid arousing suspicion, standing at the gate of the Find car on the steps, and then under the guidance of the assistant, it is so out of hand in hand all the way to the car, and also during the Ruby Wang Xiaoshuai talking, laughing skin care products from time to time, looking like a pair of tacit lovers.
Wednesday, February 16, 2011
Introduction to finishing linux
Detailed structure of Linux kernel
[of: Chen Lijun]
Linux kernel consists of five main subsystems: process scheduling, memory management, virtual file systems, network interfaces, inter-process communication.
1. The process of scheduling (SCHED): control process on the CPU access. When you need to select the next process run by the scheduler to select the most worthy of running processes. runnable process is actually waiting for CPU resources, only the process, if a process is waiting for the other resources, the process is not running the process. Linux uses a relatively simple process of priority-based scheduling algorithm to select a new process.
2. memory management (MM) allows multiple processes to share the main memory area safe. Linux memory management support for virtual memory, which is running in the computer program, its code, data, stack, the total amount could exceed the actual memory size, operating system, currently used only to remain in the memory block, while the rest of the block remain in the disk. If necessary, the operating system is responsible for the exchange between the disk and memory blocks. memory management is divided into logical parts and hardware on hardware-independent parts. provides a hardware-independent part of the process of memory mapping and logic on the exchange; hardware-related parts of the memory management hardware, provides a virtual interface.
3. virtual file system (VirtualFileSystem, VFS) hides the details of a variety of hardware for all of the equipment provides a unified interface, VFS provides up to dozens of different file systems. virtual file system can be divided into logical file system and device drivers. logical file system that Linux supported file systems, such as ext2, fat, etc., device drivers, refer to a hardware controller for each The device driver module is written.
4. Network Interface (NET) provides access to various network standards and a variety of network hardware support. network interface can be divided into network protocols and network drivers. network protocol partially responsible for the realization of every possible network transmission protocol. network device driver is responsible for communication with hardware devices, each hardware device may have a corresponding device driver.
5. interprocess communication (IPC) support the process communication mechanism between the various.
in the center of the process of scheduling, all other subsystems are dependent on it, because each subsystem needs to suspend or resume the process. In general, when a process waits for the hardware operation is completed, It is suspended; when the operation actually completed, the process is reinstated. For example, when a process sends a message through the network, the network interface needs to suspend the sending process until the successful completion of the hardware to send the message, when the message is successfully sent out, the network interface to process returns a code to indicate success or failure of the operation. other subsystems rely on a similar process of scheduling reasons.
dependencies between the various subsystems are as follows:
process scheduling and The relationship between memory management: The two subsystems depend on each other. In the multiprogramming environment, the program created to run the process to whom, and create a process first thing is to program and data loaded into memory.
inter-process communication and memory management relations: inter-process communication subsystem to rely on memory management support for shared memory communication mechanism that allows the two processes in addition to its own private space, you can also access the shared memory area.
virtual file system and the relationship between the network interface: network interface using the virtual file system support Network File System (NFS), also used RAMDISK device memory management support.
memory management and the relationship between the virtual file system: memory management virtual file system supports the exchange, the exchange process (swapd) regularly scheduled by the scheduler, which is dependent on the process scheduling memory management, the only reason. When a memory access mapping process is swapped out, the memory management issue to the file system request, at the same time, suspend the currently running process.
addition to these dependencies, the kernel of all the subsystems have to rely on some common resources. These resources include all subsystems are used in the process. For example: allocate and free memory space, process, print a warning or error messages in the process, as well as system debugging routines and so on.
system data structure implementation in the linux kernel, there are some data structure, frequency of use high, they are:
task_struct.
Linux kernel using a data structure (task_struct) represents a process data structure representative of the process formed a task pointer array (Linux, the task and the process is the same term) This pointer array is sometimes referred to as a pointer vector. The size of the array by the NR_TASKS (default is 512), indicating that the Linux system up to the number of processes running simultaneously. When the time to create a new process, Linux for the new process is assigned a task_struct structure, then the pointer stored in the task array. scheduler has to maintain a current pointer, and he points to the current running processes.
Mm_struct
virtual memory each process is represented by a mm_struct structure, the structure actually contains information about the currently executing image and contains a set of pointers pointing to vm_area_struct structure, vm_area_struct structure describes a region of virtual memory.
Inode
Virtual File System (VFS) in the file, directory and so are the corresponding index node (inode) representative. Each VFS inode contents of the file system to provide dedicated routines. VFS inodes exist only in kernel memory, actually stored in the VFS inode cache . If the two processes using the same process of open, you can share inade data structure, this sharing of data through two processes to the same inode block completion.
Linux
the specific structure of the concrete structure is the so-called The structure of a system implementation.
Linux is similar to the abstract structure of the concrete structure, this correspondence is because the abstract structure from the concrete structure, our division is not strictly in accordance with the source code directory structure, and the group is not and subsystems exact match, but it is very close to the source code directory structure.
Although the preceding discussion of the abstract structure shows very little between the various subsystems dependence, but the specific structure of the 5 sub-systems are highly dependencies. we can see that many of the specific structure and dependency structure does not appear in the abstract.
Linux kernel source code
present, relatively new and stable kernel version is 2.0.x and 2.2. x, because of slightly different versions, so if you want a new driver supports both 2.0.x, and supports 2.2.x, need to compile the kernel version of the conditions to achieve this, we must support the macro LINUX_VERSION_CODE, if the kernel version to use abc, said the value of this macro is to use 216a +28 b + c. The value to the specified kernel version, we can use KERNEL_VERSION macro, we can also go to define its own.
kernel changes the way with a patch file released. Patch utility to the kernel source files used to conduct a series of changes. For example: you have the source code of 2.2.9, but want to move to 2.2.10. to get 2.2 .10 patch file, apply patch to modify the 2.2.9 source files. For example:
$ cd / usr / src / linux
$ patch npl Linux kernel source code Structure
Linux kernel source code is in / usr / src / linux directory.
/ include subdirectory contains the code needed to build most of the kernel include files, this module rebuild the kernel to use other modules.
/ init subdirectory contains the kernel initialization code, which is the starting point for the beginning of the kernel work.
/ arch subdirectory contains all the hardware architecture specific kernel code. such as: i386, alpha
/ drivers sub- directory contains the kernel of all the device drivers, such as block devices, and SCSI devices.
/ fs subdirectory contains all the file system code. such as: ext2, vfat, etc..
/ net subdirectory contains kernel networking code.
/ mm subdirectory contains all the memory management code.
/ ipc subdirectory contains the inter-process communication code.
/ kernel subdirectory contains the main kernel code.
Where to start reading the source code?
the Internet, was made the source code navigator, source code available for reading a good condition, the site is lxr.linux.no / source.
given below to read the source Code clue:
system startup and initialization:
Intel-based systems, when loadlin.exe or LILO to load the kernel into memory and pass control to the kernel, the kernel started. See on the part of, arch/i386/kernel/head.S, head.S the specific structure of the set, and then jump to the init / main.c's main () routine.
memory management:
memory management code, mainly in / mm, but the specific structure of the code in arch / * / mm. page fault handling code in / mm / memory.c, the memory mapping and page cache code in / mm / filemap . c. buffer cache in / mm / buffer.c to achieve, and exchange of high-speed cache is in mm / swap_state.c and mm / swapfile.c.
kernel:
kernel, a specific structure code in arch / * / kernel, the scheduler in the kernel / sched.c, fork the code in kernel / fork.c, the kernel routine process in include / linux / interrupt.h, task_struct data structure in inlucde / linux / sched . h in.
PCI:
PCI pseudo driver in drivers / pci / pci.c, which is defined in the inclulde / linux / pci.h. Each structure has specific PCI BIOS code, Intel in in arch/alpha/kernel/bios32.c.
inter-process communication:
all SystemVIPC ipc_perm object privileges are included in the data structure, which can include / linux / ipc.h found. SystemV news is that in ipc / msg.c to achieve. shared memory in ipc / shm.c to achieve. semaphore in ipc / sem.c, the pipeline / ipc / pipe.c achieve.
interrupt handling: < br> kernel's interrupt handling code specific to almost all of the microprocessor. arch/i386/kernel/irq.c in the interrupt handling code, which is defined in the include/asm-i386/irq.h.
[turn quote] ARM development steps
ARM development steps
1. to be a minimal system board: If you have not done the development of ARM, I suggest you start not Tandaqiuquan to all applications are good, because the startup mode and ARM microcontroller dsp or different, often encounter problems, it is recommended that only the first distribution of a Flash, SRAM or SDRAM, CPU, JTAG, and a small system board reset signal, allow expansion interface. so that the smallest system to function properly, your task is half done, and good basic ARM peripheral interfaces are standard interfaces, if you have the hardware, cabling experience, which is a for you in terms of easy to do.
2. write startup code, according to the hardware address of the first to start writing a little code, including the following sections:
initialize the port, mask the interrupt, the program copied to the SRAM in; completion code The re-mapping; configuration interrupt handler, connected to the C language portal. Maybe you can see some examples of programs you were, bootloader there will be many things, but do not be troubled by these complex procedures, because you are not doing development board Your task is to do a small section of program that allows your application to run down
3. careful study of the chip you use the information, even though the kernel on the ARM-compatible, but each chip has its own characteristics, the preparation of program must consider these issues. especially the girls, here do not have to rely on psychology, people always want to take the sample application to modify, change myself are a mess.
4. to look at some operating system program, the ARM's Many open-source application program, to improve ourselves, we should look at other people's programs, linux, uc / os-II, etc. These are all very good source.
6. If you are for hardware, Basically, each manufacturer has a chip for the DEMO board schematic. first schematic digestion. so you do after design, a pretty good idea of the allocation of resources. DATSHEET device must be properly digested.
7. If to do the best operating system software to understand the mechanism. Of course, this is a piece of cake for software engineers. but if it is a bit strenuous the hardware origin.
Q: do the minimum system board is 2 or 4 layers Layer good?
A: Only two layers can be used AT91 board, the other at least 4 layers; 44b0 deal of ground and power can also be two panels;
about four plates and 33 ohm
use four-layer board is not only a problem of power and ground, high-speed digital circuit trace impedance is required, two-story board not to control impedance .33 ohm general increase in the drive side, but also played the role of impedance matching; wiring first distribution data address lines, and the need to ensure that high-speed line;
when high-frequency, PCB board traces must be regarded as transmission lines. transmission line has its characteristic impedance, transmission line theory learned all know, when the transmission line resistance mutations appear somewhere (not match), the signal will occur through reflection, reflections cause interference to the original signal, the circuit will affect the serious work. using four-layer board, usually take the outer layer signal line, the middle two layer power and ground planes, respectively, so that isolation of the two signal layers on the one hand, is more important is the alignment of the outer layer near the plane and they formed called impedance relatively fixed, and can be calculated. For the two panels is more difficult to do so. The transmission line impedance mainly in trace width, the distance to the reference plane, the thickness of deposited copper and dielectric properties of the materials concerned, there are many ready-made formulas and procedures for calculating.
33 ohm usually one end of thread on the drive (in fact, not 33 in Europe, from a few ohms to fifty or sixty in Europe have, depending on the specific circumstances of the circuit), its role is the output impedance of the transmitter to go after serial line impedance matching, so that reflected back (assuming that the solution does not match the impedance of the receiving end) of the signal does not reflect back again (absorbed), so the signal to the receiver will not be affected . receiver can be matched, for example, a resistor in parallel, but less used in digital systems, it is more trouble, and many times is the situation got more income, such as the address bus, as the source match and easy to do.
shuttle here said high-frequency, high clock frequency is not necessarily the circuit, is not more than look at high frequency, more important is to see the signal rise and fall time. usually can increase (or decrease) the time estimate the frequency of the circuit, and generally increase countdown of the half, such as if the rise time is 1ns, then its inverse is 1000MHz, which means that the circuit is designed to bring into account according to the frequency of 500MHz. sometimes have to deliberately slow down the edge of the time, many high-speed driver IC output of its The slope is adjustable
constructed their own embedded Linux
Linux tool chain with a set of easy to create your own embedded system development environment and cross-operating environment, and embedded system development across the simulation tools (ICE ) obstacles. kernel completely open so that people can design and develop their true hard real-time systems, soft real-time system in Linux is also easy to be realized. a strong network of support makes it possible to use Linux network protocol stack to be embedded in its development type of TCP / IP network protocol stack.
Linux provides a complete embedded features needed for basic kernel and all user interface, it is multi-faceted. It handles embedded tasks and user interface.
a small Embedded Linux system, requires only three basic elements:
* Boot Tools
* Linux micro-kernel, the memory management, process management and transaction processing
* initialize the process pose
if you want It can do something and continue to maintain a small, had to add:
* hardware drivers
* to provide the required functionality of one or more applications.
additional features may need these: < br> * a file system (perhaps in ROM or RAM) in the * TCP / IP network stack
Here we are streamlining the kernel, system startup, the driver, X-Window into the four steps described MicroWindows Embedded Linux the actual development.
core structure to streamline core
common commands, including: make config, dep, clean, mrproper, zImage, bzImage, modules, modules_install. ordered that a little.
explain now, for example:
I am using Mandrake the included 2.2.15. I did not modify any line of program code, relying solely on the data obtained to modify the configuration file.
First, use the make config all the options can be removed have paid too.
not floppy; not SMP, MTRR; not Networking, SCSI; to remove all of the block device, leaving only the old IDE device; to remove all of the character device; to remove all of the filesystem, leaving only the minix; not sound support. Believe me, I have all the options are removed. Having done this, I got a 188K core.
small enough you? OK, plus a move, please send the following two file-O3,-O2 replaced with-Os.
. / Makefile
./arch/i386/kernel /
Makefile
this way, the entire core smaller 9K, a 179K.
would be difficult to play, but the core function of Linux, so I decided to go back to the network increases. the General added back in the network support, recompile, the core into a 189 K.10K to with a TCP / IP stack, seems to be get on with business.
there is no driver stack is wasted, so I used the RTL8139 embedded board the driver added back, 195K.
If you need DOS file system that the size of a 213K. If you use ext2 minix replacement, the size of the growth to 222K.
Linux memory required between about 600K ~ 800K .1 MB of memory may be able to boot, but not very useful, because the serial into the C library has a difficult .2 MB of memory should be able to do something, but to go to more than 4MB can perform a more complete system.
because Linux's filesystem quite large, about 230K or so, accounting for 1 / 3 volume. memory management accounting 80K, and the rest of the sum of the core is almost .TCP / IP stack accounted for 65K, drivers account for 120K.SysV IPC accounted for 21K, if necessary, can be removed, the core files can be even smaller a 10K or so.
If you want to cut the core size, should move there? The answer is obvious, of course, the file system. Linux's VFS file system simplifies the design, buffer cache, directory cache to increase the efficiency of the system. but embedded system is simply not very useful. if they could be removed, the core can immediately reduce the 20K or so. If you skip the VFS, file system is written directly to the type of a driver should be able to be around 230K down to 50K. the core reduced to about 100K.
system starts the boot sequence
system and associated files are still the core source directory, see the following documents:
. / arch / $ ARCH / boot /
bootsect. s
. / arch / $ ARCH / boot / setup.s
. / init / main.c
bootsect.S and setup.S
this program is the first Linux kernel procedures, including the Linux bootstrap their own procedures, but that this program, they must first explain the general IBM PC boot action (where the power is When the memory address is FFFF: 0000 to start (this address must be in the ROM BIOS, ROM BIOS is typically FEOOOh to FFFFFh in), but the content here is a jump instruction, jump to another located in the ROM BIOS the location begin implementation of a series of actions.
followed by system test code, the control is transferred to start the program in ROM (ROM bootstrap routine). This program will track the zero on the disk the zero fan area into memory, as memory read where? - absolute position 07C0: 0000 (ie 07C00h Office), which is the characteristics of IBM PC series. And in the Linux boot disk on the boot sector, it is Linux, bootsect program.
will be familiar to MS DOS and Linux boot part to be a shallow comparison. MS DOS boot sector from the disk in the boot program is responsible for the IO.SYS into memory, while IO.SYS is bears the DOS-kernel - MSDOS. SYS load memory task. And Linux is in the boot sector of the bootsect by the program is responsible for the setup and the Linux kernel loaded into memory, and then hand over control setup.
in the Linux driver
system, device drivers provided by this set of entry points to the system by a structure to be explained.
device driver entry point provided by the device driver initialization When registering to the system so that the system call at the appropriate time. Linux system, up to the system by calling register_chrdev character device driver.
in Linux, in addition to directly modifying the kernel source code, the device driver added to the core of miles away, the device driver can be loaded as a module, the system administrator to dynamically load it, make it a part of the core. as well as by system administrators to dynamically loaded modules Uninstall down. Linux, the module can be used C language, compiled into object files with gcc (but do not link, as *. o files exist). This requires the gcc command line with-c parameter. successful to the system after registration of the device driver (called register_chrdev successful), you can use the mknod command to the device mapped to a particular file. other programs when using this device, as long as the operation of this particular file on the line.
will X-Window into MicroWindows
MicroWindows is to use hierarchical design method. allowed to change to adapt to different practical applications layer. In the bottom layer, provides a screen, mouse / touch screen and keyboard drivers, make the program access to actual hardware devices, and other custom equipment. in the middle layer, a lightweight graphics engine that provides drawing lines, area fills, draw the polygon, cutting methods and the use of color patterns. In the top layer, providing different API to the graphics application. The API can provide or not provide the desktop and window shape. At present, MicroWindows support Windows Win32/WinCE GDI and Nano-X API. The Win32 API provides the X Window System and the close compatibility so other applications can be easily ported to MicroWindows on.
What
embedded systems embedded systems is defined as: application-centric, computer technology, software and hardware can be cut to meet the application system functionality, reliability, cost, size, power consumption requirements of a dedicated computer system strictly.
embedded system is a user-oriented, product-oriented, application-oriented, independent of the application if its own, will lose market. embedded processor power consumption, size, cost, reliability, speed, processing power, electromagnetic compatibility, etc. are subject to the constraints of application requirements, these are all the hot competition among semiconductor manufacturers. embedded processor applications are the key features of embedded systems. solidification storage software requirements, software code, with high quality, high reliability, system software (OS) of high real-time is a basic requirement.
in the manufacturing industry, process control, communications, , instruments, meters, automotive, marine, aviation, aerospace, military equipment, consumer products, etc. are embedded computer applications.
uCLinux implementation of the kernel boot process can be ARM + uCLinux
system startup process summarized in the following stages: (1) PC reset address points to the entrance at the 0x0H Bootloader code. Bootloader to complete some basic initialization, the system's hardware and software environment into an appropriate state; (2) Bootloader will control to the operating system kernel boot process, start loading the kernel uCLinux; (3) uCLinux kernel loads the boot to complete, init starts the process to complete the system boot process.
start the program using the system uCLinux own bootloader loads the kernel. In the kernel boot process several files in the main call this: head.S (in the linux-2.4.x arch armnommu boot compressed directory), main.c ( In the linux-2.4.x init init directory), simpleinit.c (in the user init directory) [1]. practice should be based on the hardware platform and system functions, modify the relevant documents to the right guide system.
when Bootloader control to the kernel boot process, the first execution of the program is head.S, it completed most of the work load the kernel; misc.c provides load the kernel needs of the subroutine, which extract the kernel of the subroutine is an important process head.S call, another to load the kernel must know the system hardware, the hardware information is defined in the hardware.h cited by head.S .
this system, head.S first configure the system S3C4510B register SYSCFG, initialize the system, Flash, SDRAM and the bus control register, the Flash and SDRAM, respectively, the address range is set to 0x0-0x1fffff and 0x1000000-0x1ffffff; According to features of the system, re-defines the interrupt priority, and I / O port configuration; order to improve the running speed of the kernel, the kernel image file to 2M copied from Flash to SDRAM; by operating some system registers, the system's memory remapping, the Flash and SDRAM, respectively, re-mapped to address range 0x1000000-0x11fffff and 0x0-0xffffff; and then initialize the system stack; then calls a function in misc.c decompress_kernel, copied to the SDRAM on the kernel image file to decompress ; the final jump to the calling kernel functions call_kernel, call call_kernel function is actually the implementation of main.c in start_kernel function, which include completion of the initialization of processor architecture, interrupt initialization, the initial timer the beginning of the process related to the initialization and memory initialization and other initialization; last kernel init to create a thread in the thread to call init process to complete the system startup [1] [2].
worth Again, note that in the kernel boot process, called defined in the file hardware.h hardware-related information. Linux-based embedded system boot is heavily dependent on the hardware platform, the kernel boot, you must According to the hardware platform and system functions, with the necessary documents [2]. this system to modify the hardware.h in flash, SDRAM control register ROMCON0, DRAMCON0 and SYSCFG other.
uCLinux startup, running a named init The program, which was started by the operating system user level process started by it to the back of tasks, including multi-user environment, network, etc.. init process behavior is defined in the function simpleinit.c, so the system functions according to custom init into ...
[of: Chen Lijun]
Linux kernel consists of five main subsystems: process scheduling, memory management, virtual file systems, network interfaces, inter-process communication.
1. The process of scheduling (SCHED): control process on the CPU access. When you need to select the next process run by the scheduler to select the most worthy of running processes. runnable process is actually waiting for CPU resources, only the process, if a process is waiting for the other resources, the process is not running the process. Linux uses a relatively simple process of priority-based scheduling algorithm to select a new process.
2. memory management (MM) allows multiple processes to share the main memory area safe. Linux memory management support for virtual memory, which is running in the computer program, its code, data, stack, the total amount could exceed the actual memory size, operating system, currently used only to remain in the memory block, while the rest of the block remain in the disk. If necessary, the operating system is responsible for the exchange between the disk and memory blocks. memory management is divided into logical parts and hardware on hardware-independent parts. provides a hardware-independent part of the process of memory mapping and logic on the exchange; hardware-related parts of the memory management hardware, provides a virtual interface.
3. virtual file system (VirtualFileSystem, VFS) hides the details of a variety of hardware for all of the equipment provides a unified interface, VFS provides up to dozens of different file systems. virtual file system can be divided into logical file system and device drivers. logical file system that Linux supported file systems, such as ext2, fat, etc., device drivers, refer to a hardware controller for each The device driver module is written.
4. Network Interface (NET) provides access to various network standards and a variety of network hardware support. network interface can be divided into network protocols and network drivers. network protocol partially responsible for the realization of every possible network transmission protocol. network device driver is responsible for communication with hardware devices, each hardware device may have a corresponding device driver.
5. interprocess communication (IPC) support the process communication mechanism between the various.
in the center of the process of scheduling, all other subsystems are dependent on it, because each subsystem needs to suspend or resume the process. In general, when a process waits for the hardware operation is completed, It is suspended; when the operation actually completed, the process is reinstated. For example, when a process sends a message through the network, the network interface needs to suspend the sending process until the successful completion of the hardware to send the message, when the message is successfully sent out, the network interface to process returns a code to indicate success or failure of the operation. other subsystems rely on a similar process of scheduling reasons.
dependencies between the various subsystems are as follows:
process scheduling and The relationship between memory management: The two subsystems depend on each other. In the multiprogramming environment, the program created to run the process to whom, and create a process first thing is to program and data loaded into memory.
inter-process communication and memory management relations: inter-process communication subsystem to rely on memory management support for shared memory communication mechanism that allows the two processes in addition to its own private space, you can also access the shared memory area.
virtual file system and the relationship between the network interface: network interface using the virtual file system support Network File System (NFS), also used RAMDISK device memory management support.
memory management and the relationship between the virtual file system: memory management virtual file system supports the exchange, the exchange process (swapd) regularly scheduled by the scheduler, which is dependent on the process scheduling memory management, the only reason. When a memory access mapping process is swapped out, the memory management issue to the file system request, at the same time, suspend the currently running process.
addition to these dependencies, the kernel of all the subsystems have to rely on some common resources. These resources include all subsystems are used in the process. For example: allocate and free memory space, process, print a warning or error messages in the process, as well as system debugging routines and so on.
system data structure implementation in the linux kernel, there are some data structure, frequency of use high, they are:
task_struct.
Linux kernel using a data structure (task_struct) represents a process data structure representative of the process formed a task pointer array (Linux, the task and the process is the same term) This pointer array is sometimes referred to as a pointer vector. The size of the array by the NR_TASKS (default is 512), indicating that the Linux system up to the number of processes running simultaneously. When the time to create a new process, Linux for the new process is assigned a task_struct structure, then the pointer stored in the task array. scheduler has to maintain a current pointer, and he points to the current running processes.
Mm_struct
virtual memory each process is represented by a mm_struct structure, the structure actually contains information about the currently executing image and contains a set of pointers pointing to vm_area_struct structure, vm_area_struct structure describes a region of virtual memory.
Inode
Virtual File System (VFS) in the file, directory and so are the corresponding index node (inode) representative. Each VFS inode contents of the file system to provide dedicated routines. VFS inodes exist only in kernel memory, actually stored in the VFS inode cache . If the two processes using the same process of open, you can share inade data structure, this sharing of data through two processes to the same inode block completion.
Linux
the specific structure of the concrete structure is the so-called The structure of a system implementation.
Linux is similar to the abstract structure of the concrete structure, this correspondence is because the abstract structure from the concrete structure, our division is not strictly in accordance with the source code directory structure, and the group is not and subsystems exact match, but it is very close to the source code directory structure.
Although the preceding discussion of the abstract structure shows very little between the various subsystems dependence, but the specific structure of the 5 sub-systems are highly dependencies. we can see that many of the specific structure and dependency structure does not appear in the abstract.
Linux kernel source code
present, relatively new and stable kernel version is 2.0.x and 2.2. x, because of slightly different versions, so if you want a new driver supports both 2.0.x, and supports 2.2.x, need to compile the kernel version of the conditions to achieve this, we must support the macro LINUX_VERSION_CODE, if the kernel version to use abc, said the value of this macro is to use 216a +28 b + c. The value to the specified kernel version, we can use KERNEL_VERSION macro, we can also go to define its own.
kernel changes the way with a patch file released. Patch utility to the kernel source files used to conduct a series of changes. For example: you have the source code of 2.2.9, but want to move to 2.2.10. to get 2.2 .10 patch file, apply patch to modify the 2.2.9 source files. For example:
$ cd / usr / src / linux
$ patch npl Linux kernel source code Structure
Linux kernel source code is in / usr / src / linux directory.
/ include subdirectory contains the code needed to build most of the kernel include files, this module rebuild the kernel to use other modules.
/ init subdirectory contains the kernel initialization code, which is the starting point for the beginning of the kernel work.
/ arch subdirectory contains all the hardware architecture specific kernel code. such as: i386, alpha
/ drivers sub- directory contains the kernel of all the device drivers, such as block devices, and SCSI devices.
/ fs subdirectory contains all the file system code. such as: ext2, vfat, etc..
/ net subdirectory contains kernel networking code.
/ mm subdirectory contains all the memory management code.
/ ipc subdirectory contains the inter-process communication code.
/ kernel subdirectory contains the main kernel code.
Where to start reading the source code?
the Internet, was made the source code navigator, source code available for reading a good condition, the site is lxr.linux.no / source.
given below to read the source Code clue:
system startup and initialization:
Intel-based systems, when loadlin.exe or LILO to load the kernel into memory and pass control to the kernel, the kernel started. See on the part of, arch/i386/kernel/head.S, head.S the specific structure of the set, and then jump to the init / main.c's main () routine.
memory management:
memory management code, mainly in / mm, but the specific structure of the code in arch / * / mm. page fault handling code in / mm / memory.c, the memory mapping and page cache code in / mm / filemap . c. buffer cache in / mm / buffer.c to achieve, and exchange of high-speed cache is in mm / swap_state.c and mm / swapfile.c.
kernel:
kernel, a specific structure code in arch / * / kernel, the scheduler in the kernel / sched.c, fork the code in kernel / fork.c, the kernel routine process in include / linux / interrupt.h, task_struct data structure in inlucde / linux / sched . h in.
PCI:
PCI pseudo driver in drivers / pci / pci.c, which is defined in the inclulde / linux / pci.h. Each structure has specific PCI BIOS code, Intel in in arch/alpha/kernel/bios32.c.
inter-process communication:
all SystemVIPC ipc_perm object privileges are included in the data structure, which can include / linux / ipc.h found. SystemV news is that in ipc / msg.c to achieve. shared memory in ipc / shm.c to achieve. semaphore in ipc / sem.c, the pipeline / ipc / pipe.c achieve.
interrupt handling: < br> kernel's interrupt handling code specific to almost all of the microprocessor. arch/i386/kernel/irq.c in the interrupt handling code, which is defined in the include/asm-i386/irq.h.
[turn quote] ARM development steps
ARM development steps
1. to be a minimal system board: If you have not done the development of ARM, I suggest you start not Tandaqiuquan to all applications are good, because the startup mode and ARM microcontroller dsp or different, often encounter problems, it is recommended that only the first distribution of a Flash, SRAM or SDRAM, CPU, JTAG, and a small system board reset signal, allow expansion interface. so that the smallest system to function properly, your task is half done, and good basic ARM peripheral interfaces are standard interfaces, if you have the hardware, cabling experience, which is a for you in terms of easy to do.
2. write startup code, according to the hardware address of the first to start writing a little code, including the following sections:
initialize the port, mask the interrupt, the program copied to the SRAM in; completion code The re-mapping; configuration interrupt handler, connected to the C language portal. Maybe you can see some examples of programs you were, bootloader there will be many things, but do not be troubled by these complex procedures, because you are not doing development board Your task is to do a small section of program that allows your application to run down
3. careful study of the chip you use the information, even though the kernel on the ARM-compatible, but each chip has its own characteristics, the preparation of program must consider these issues. especially the girls, here do not have to rely on psychology, people always want to take the sample application to modify, change myself are a mess.
4. to look at some operating system program, the ARM's Many open-source application program, to improve ourselves, we should look at other people's programs, linux, uc / os-II, etc. These are all very good source.
6. If you are for hardware, Basically, each manufacturer has a chip for the DEMO board schematic. first schematic digestion. so you do after design, a pretty good idea of the allocation of resources. DATSHEET device must be properly digested.
7. If to do the best operating system software to understand the mechanism. Of course, this is a piece of cake for software engineers. but if it is a bit strenuous the hardware origin.
Q: do the minimum system board is 2 or 4 layers Layer good?
A: Only two layers can be used AT91 board, the other at least 4 layers; 44b0 deal of ground and power can also be two panels;
about four plates and 33 ohm
use four-layer board is not only a problem of power and ground, high-speed digital circuit trace impedance is required, two-story board not to control impedance .33 ohm general increase in the drive side, but also played the role of impedance matching; wiring first distribution data address lines, and the need to ensure that high-speed line;
when high-frequency, PCB board traces must be regarded as transmission lines. transmission line has its characteristic impedance, transmission line theory learned all know, when the transmission line resistance mutations appear somewhere (not match), the signal will occur through reflection, reflections cause interference to the original signal, the circuit will affect the serious work. using four-layer board, usually take the outer layer signal line, the middle two layer power and ground planes, respectively, so that isolation of the two signal layers on the one hand, is more important is the alignment of the outer layer near the plane and they formed called impedance relatively fixed, and can be calculated. For the two panels is more difficult to do so. The transmission line impedance mainly in trace width, the distance to the reference plane, the thickness of deposited copper and dielectric properties of the materials concerned, there are many ready-made formulas and procedures for calculating.
33 ohm usually one end of thread on the drive (in fact, not 33 in Europe, from a few ohms to fifty or sixty in Europe have, depending on the specific circumstances of the circuit), its role is the output impedance of the transmitter to go after serial line impedance matching, so that reflected back (assuming that the solution does not match the impedance of the receiving end) of the signal does not reflect back again (absorbed), so the signal to the receiver will not be affected . receiver can be matched, for example, a resistor in parallel, but less used in digital systems, it is more trouble, and many times is the situation got more income, such as the address bus, as the source match and easy to do.
shuttle here said high-frequency, high clock frequency is not necessarily the circuit, is not more than look at high frequency, more important is to see the signal rise and fall time. usually can increase (or decrease) the time estimate the frequency of the circuit, and generally increase countdown of the half, such as if the rise time is 1ns, then its inverse is 1000MHz, which means that the circuit is designed to bring into account according to the frequency of 500MHz. sometimes have to deliberately slow down the edge of the time, many high-speed driver IC output of its The slope is adjustable
constructed their own embedded Linux
Linux tool chain with a set of easy to create your own embedded system development environment and cross-operating environment, and embedded system development across the simulation tools (ICE ) obstacles. kernel completely open so that people can design and develop their true hard real-time systems, soft real-time system in Linux is also easy to be realized. a strong network of support makes it possible to use Linux network protocol stack to be embedded in its development type of TCP / IP network protocol stack.
Linux provides a complete embedded features needed for basic kernel and all user interface, it is multi-faceted. It handles embedded tasks and user interface.
a small Embedded Linux system, requires only three basic elements:
* Boot Tools
* Linux micro-kernel, the memory management, process management and transaction processing
* initialize the process pose
if you want It can do something and continue to maintain a small, had to add:
* hardware drivers
* to provide the required functionality of one or more applications.
additional features may need these: < br> * a file system (perhaps in ROM or RAM) in the * TCP / IP network stack
Here we are streamlining the kernel, system startup, the driver, X-Window into the four steps described MicroWindows Embedded Linux the actual development.
core structure to streamline core
common commands, including: make config, dep, clean, mrproper, zImage, bzImage, modules, modules_install. ordered that a little.
explain now, for example:
I am using Mandrake the included 2.2.15. I did not modify any line of program code, relying solely on the data obtained to modify the configuration file.
First, use the make config all the options can be removed have paid too.
not floppy; not SMP, MTRR; not Networking, SCSI; to remove all of the block device, leaving only the old IDE device; to remove all of the character device; to remove all of the filesystem, leaving only the minix; not sound support. Believe me, I have all the options are removed. Having done this, I got a 188K core.
small enough you? OK, plus a move, please send the following two file-O3,-O2 replaced with-Os.
. / Makefile
./arch/i386/kernel /
Makefile
this way, the entire core smaller 9K, a 179K.
would be difficult to play, but the core function of Linux, so I decided to go back to the network increases. the General added back in the network support, recompile, the core into a 189 K.10K to with a TCP / IP stack, seems to be get on with business.
there is no driver stack is wasted, so I used the RTL8139 embedded board the driver added back, 195K.
If you need DOS file system that the size of a 213K. If you use ext2 minix replacement, the size of the growth to 222K.
Linux memory required between about 600K ~ 800K .1 MB of memory may be able to boot, but not very useful, because the serial into the C library has a difficult .2 MB of memory should be able to do something, but to go to more than 4MB can perform a more complete system.
because Linux's filesystem quite large, about 230K or so, accounting for 1 / 3 volume. memory management accounting 80K, and the rest of the sum of the core is almost .TCP / IP stack accounted for 65K, drivers account for 120K.SysV IPC accounted for 21K, if necessary, can be removed, the core files can be even smaller a 10K or so.
If you want to cut the core size, should move there? The answer is obvious, of course, the file system. Linux's VFS file system simplifies the design, buffer cache, directory cache to increase the efficiency of the system. but embedded system is simply not very useful. if they could be removed, the core can immediately reduce the 20K or so. If you skip the VFS, file system is written directly to the type of a driver should be able to be around 230K down to 50K. the core reduced to about 100K.
system starts the boot sequence
system and associated files are still the core source directory, see the following documents:
. / arch / $ ARCH / boot /
bootsect. s
. / arch / $ ARCH / boot / setup.s
. / init / main.c
bootsect.S and setup.S
this program is the first Linux kernel procedures, including the Linux bootstrap their own procedures, but that this program, they must first explain the general IBM PC boot action (where the power is When the memory address is FFFF: 0000 to start (this address must be in the ROM BIOS, ROM BIOS is typically FEOOOh to FFFFFh in), but the content here is a jump instruction, jump to another located in the ROM BIOS the location begin implementation of a series of actions.
followed by system test code, the control is transferred to start the program in ROM (ROM bootstrap routine). This program will track the zero on the disk the zero fan area into memory, as memory read where? - absolute position 07C0: 0000 (ie 07C00h Office), which is the characteristics of IBM PC series. And in the Linux boot disk on the boot sector, it is Linux, bootsect program.
will be familiar to MS DOS and Linux boot part to be a shallow comparison. MS DOS boot sector from the disk in the boot program is responsible for the IO.SYS into memory, while IO.SYS is bears the DOS-kernel - MSDOS. SYS load memory task. And Linux is in the boot sector of the bootsect by the program is responsible for the setup and the Linux kernel loaded into memory, and then hand over control setup.
in the Linux driver
system, device drivers provided by this set of entry points to the system by a structure to be explained.
device driver entry point provided by the device driver initialization When registering to the system so that the system call at the appropriate time. Linux system, up to the system by calling register_chrdev character device driver.
in Linux, in addition to directly modifying the kernel source code, the device driver added to the core of miles away, the device driver can be loaded as a module, the system administrator to dynamically load it, make it a part of the core. as well as by system administrators to dynamically loaded modules Uninstall down. Linux, the module can be used C language, compiled into object files with gcc (but do not link, as *. o files exist). This requires the gcc command line with-c parameter. successful to the system after registration of the device driver (called register_chrdev successful), you can use the mknod command to the device mapped to a particular file. other programs when using this device, as long as the operation of this particular file on the line.
will X-Window into MicroWindows
MicroWindows is to use hierarchical design method. allowed to change to adapt to different practical applications layer. In the bottom layer, provides a screen, mouse / touch screen and keyboard drivers, make the program access to actual hardware devices, and other custom equipment. in the middle layer, a lightweight graphics engine that provides drawing lines, area fills, draw the polygon, cutting methods and the use of color patterns. In the top layer, providing different API to the graphics application. The API can provide or not provide the desktop and window shape. At present, MicroWindows support Windows Win32/WinCE GDI and Nano-X API. The Win32 API provides the X Window System and the close compatibility so other applications can be easily ported to MicroWindows on.
What
embedded systems embedded systems is defined as: application-centric, computer technology, software and hardware can be cut to meet the application system functionality, reliability, cost, size, power consumption requirements of a dedicated computer system strictly.
embedded system is a user-oriented, product-oriented, application-oriented, independent of the application if its own, will lose market. embedded processor power consumption, size, cost, reliability, speed, processing power, electromagnetic compatibility, etc. are subject to the constraints of application requirements, these are all the hot competition among semiconductor manufacturers. embedded processor applications are the key features of embedded systems. solidification storage software requirements, software code, with high quality, high reliability, system software (OS) of high real-time is a basic requirement.
in the manufacturing industry, process control, communications, , instruments, meters, automotive, marine, aviation, aerospace, military equipment, consumer products, etc. are embedded computer applications.
uCLinux implementation of the kernel boot process can be ARM + uCLinux
system startup process summarized in the following stages: (1) PC reset address points to the entrance at the 0x0H Bootloader code. Bootloader to complete some basic initialization, the system's hardware and software environment into an appropriate state; (2) Bootloader will control to the operating system kernel boot process, start loading the kernel uCLinux; (3) uCLinux kernel loads the boot to complete, init starts the process to complete the system boot process.
start the program using the system uCLinux own bootloader loads the kernel. In the kernel boot process several files in the main call this: head.S (in the linux-2.4.x arch armnommu boot compressed directory), main.c ( In the linux-2.4.x init init directory), simpleinit.c (in the user init directory) [1]. practice should be based on the hardware platform and system functions, modify the relevant documents to the right guide system.
when Bootloader control to the kernel boot process, the first execution of the program is head.S, it completed most of the work load the kernel; misc.c provides load the kernel needs of the subroutine, which extract the kernel of the subroutine is an important process head.S call, another to load the kernel must know the system hardware, the hardware information is defined in the hardware.h cited by head.S .
this system, head.S first configure the system S3C4510B register SYSCFG, initialize the system, Flash, SDRAM and the bus control register, the Flash and SDRAM, respectively, the address range is set to 0x0-0x1fffff and 0x1000000-0x1ffffff; According to features of the system, re-defines the interrupt priority, and I / O port configuration; order to improve the running speed of the kernel, the kernel image file to 2M copied from Flash to SDRAM; by operating some system registers, the system's memory remapping, the Flash and SDRAM, respectively, re-mapped to address range 0x1000000-0x11fffff and 0x0-0xffffff; and then initialize the system stack; then calls a function in misc.c decompress_kernel, copied to the SDRAM on the kernel image file to decompress ; the final jump to the calling kernel functions call_kernel, call call_kernel function is actually the implementation of main.c in start_kernel function, which include completion of the initialization of processor architecture, interrupt initialization, the initial timer the beginning of the process related to the initialization and memory initialization and other initialization; last kernel init to create a thread in the thread to call init process to complete the system startup [1] [2].
worth Again, note that in the kernel boot process, called defined in the file hardware.h hardware-related information. Linux-based embedded system boot is heavily dependent on the hardware platform, the kernel boot, you must According to the hardware platform and system functions, with the necessary documents [2]. this system to modify the hardware.h in flash, SDRAM control register ROMCON0, DRAMCON0 and SYSCFG other.
uCLinux startup, running a named init The program, which was started by the operating system user level process started by it to the back of tasks, including multi-user environment, network, etc.. init process behavior is defined in the function simpleinit.c, so the system functions according to custom init into ...
Tuesday, February 15, 2011
Significance of the poet's death and symptomatic reading of nothingness
The poet's death: significance of being and the symptomatic reading of (the)
professor at Beijing University Ph.D. Yue-Chuan Wang
Section 90 of the marginalization of poetry
history is always made in new ways, said in the past. From wave tip to trough just a moment of effort, history to complete it from the disruption or transformation.
one 80 schools overall rise of poetry.
and poet 90 different individual values, the mid-80's Poetry Exhibition ; Africa and Africa will not r, r is not the spirit of things and people before the cultural restoration for r r, after all this universe, and both are owned by Africa and Africa thinkers, the most arbitrary and the most shameless hyperbole that badly beaten, think of something. Light anger can not. to transcend and could not bear to the world. we are like a baby Emmanuel has a circle of saints, the poet is mortal, he would like to think mortal, mortal line by line death squads operations and restructuring of new lineages with their own poetry.
the new School, beyond the dim misty beauty and humanity of the United States, engaged in a language experiment, showing a space-occupying type poetry attitude, showing a keen on the post-modern theory. So, Han Dong, Yu Jian and ; showing a difference in the multiple values each pattern in the late 80s have a considerable impact.
Second, the survival of individual poetry 90 translocation.
90 years show that the transformation of large areas of poetry: Poetry 80 School groups that emphasized the rise of the whole, stressing the way the poet in schools for their own name, focus groups of writing, in the 90 years has expired, .90 is a pattern in poetry: community schools difficult to maintain or own Since the destruction, the poet becomes the basic unit of the individual nature of writing, or even no longer interested in playing under the banner of the Universal Declaration or the publicity, no longer pay attention to what the poet in the 90's wave of suicide in the stream, there was a major pioneer poet of fissile, that is, by Westernized ideas, areas and themes, and poetic words sent sentence sentences and Europeanization, turned 90 years of Chinese discourse field began to strengthen their own personal writing and the reorganization of the self-image feelings. Meanwhile, there are some poets began to enter the non-mainstream, anti-aesthetic, of the capital of the , Isa and so on. to post-modern poetics in the power of discourse and discourse of power woven goods times, adhere to the marginalization of a certain poet poetry objectives, such as who has shaken off the effects of royal Obscure new spirit of adventure to begin their new formulation. Sun Wenbo in the liquidation of the 80's is a problem later, that and another wanted to build title-utilitarian significance; everyone is talking about a huge system, about the eternal theme, or even talk about absolute form, it seems true of Chinese poetry written in the hands of the peak of a generation. But the fact is that phenomena that we had not crossed the world of poetry of the sixties. to the poem called empiricism. understand that at some stage of writing poetry has been largely over, many of the works ineffective. Perhaps the noble past, hazy, capital of the people, ideas, and so the reverse of sacred criticism and reversal of the path leading to a self-deprecating, ridicule, and purely objective sense of self, to get the survival status and survival status . However, this writing is characterized by people from the upper to the secular life, from the Greek and Roman poetry of worship transferred to the Western modern and post-modern poets of worship, and go to live with the current state of Chinese society daily life, from language and context of the grasp of rhythm, turning to the colloquial or even foul of the The transformation of the 90's poetry appeared in Beyond the idealized so-called reveal the existence and confused in writing the extrusion products has revealed the significance of the situation. is firm, Sun Wenbo, Xiao Yu opened, Zhang Shuguang, Zhai Yongming and other poets of the pen, the language of political rhetoric and personal sexual desire wrapped in confusion and false rhetoric, history and the present, shadowing, and perception in order that poetry is no longer a spiritual eternal existence, and as the language of the moment of existence is meaningless fight scenes mixed. in Sri Lanka, the timing of the grand historical narrative, by spatial fragment replaced by the present life, will experience a sense of powerlessness and life chance of life, presenting poetry in the 90 spectrum. It should be noted that, due to over-the concept of change and spiritual escape, so that poetry becomes a personal inner monologue by himself to the aphasia, poetry does not become a significant communication system, then, there has been an empty field of aesthetic poetry, reading poetry also appeared in the empty field. poet to write their own operational ruthless manner that point , and from the reader gradually disappeared from view.
can be said that in the context of everyday mundane and non-allegorical writing in the contemporary scene, the poet has suffered the failure of language, a language he can flee to their own strategies and The sense of individual life, and have important gains. while other critics are diametrically contrary view that Pioneer 90's most of them are thinking of poetry at low tide, depression era language games, superstition shortcut, resulting in a poetry unprecedented big blunder and poetry as a whole appeared a large number of diseases, such as: rhythm die, escape, boring, messy patchwork, pretending to be mysterious weird, bluster, sit idle, self-enclosed, personality atrophy, has abandoned traditional doctrine first and so on. < br> Goods tide to become a business in a large number of pioneer poet Daomaidaomai the master file in the teeth of the rich elegance that among the just 80 years of poetry thrown in a corner of the banner. It fell under the banner of self-doubt accelerate the demise of the Pioneer Poems and make them quickly from the third generation, fourth generation, fifth and sixth generation constantly changing, however, because of its inherent loss of depth, so that the divine grasp of writing disappear, only change is to poetry into a tricky secular behavior. in the cultural vacuum, the gap in the power of discourse, the poem had some small skill achievement, but the power sliding and conspiracy in the experiment lost coordinates, making the concept of poetry and poetry in the form of separation. poetry into a form of testing, a free game with the current state of the alias.
Third, the body of poetry and Chinese poetry in an empty field.
awareness of their own problems Poetry digestion, making the group poetry writing poetry writing to the individual and not to the poem a real prospect of a little light, leaving a considerable part of the death can not read poetry as meaningless text. I always think, at the end of the century should not only be a poetic elegy of, not only should Gone into a past life memory, and should be on the current state of critical survival text, should be past time to say farewell, to become a truly poetic poetic calling, meaning of life and the world named.
from the deeper problem of view, poetry and history have been concerned about the future of the current culture and cultural hegemony in the current context of the cultural imagination of space requires the establishment of monitoring and transparency of gaze and visibility, and constantly see and be seen the rise of the cultural attitude, the words inside me would demand a more modern mode of operation, therefore, culture power of this simple model can be implemented, that is a ; was staring. but penetrate many areas as possible to set a way to achieve power through a transparent way, and various minor Speaking of power, even in the modern media, all the privacy and confidentiality will be fully exposed to see and be seen clearly possibilities. Therefore, the test poem in the body of the In writing a kind of deviant assume the risk, however, it should go beyond the game's remarks that hackneyed term, beyond the out, re-establish their risk of a true copy of the value of writing, and thinking of Chinese writing in Chinese, to be called self-creativity. the universe, history, philosophy, life, death and life of a heat of the individual singing, poetry is the real body where there is a basis. at least I thought so.
V prose poet Gone strategy after the trendy
80 years has become history, and more 90's commercial tide of pressure to the edge of the trendy. the poet in this rapidly developing business community, in this rapid secular society, increasingly become a bleak memory. Then, the the fit, bystander.
one pure poetry of poverty and forgotten.
However, when the modern way to become the future of the world's only when the fast, competition oriented, goal oriented, anxiety, technology of the become all the cultural representation of this era, and poetry will become illegal, the kind of elegant and graceful harmony of the process of human life and of things which have become redundant. so poetic lack of life becomes an intermediary technology, health German said Art. can be said that today's vanguard of a non-pioneer than any ambivalence felt by the state and conflicts are much more. Therefore, the pioneer spirit of the confusion is the art of confusion.
90 years, pure poetry of poverty has been going on for nearly ten years, the poet Zi, Gemai have committed suicide, the poet of suicide in the 90s as poetry events, culture end of the century has become a heavy allegory. poetic world as layer upon layer of ; replaced. This excess of the state of poetry, look at the history of China for thousands of poems can be said is unprecedented. Poetry own destiny, poetry and readers, poetry with the times, poetry and other artistic relationship between category and poetry in the real position and situation, has moved from a deep-level description of the uncertainty of the times the pursuit of meaning and poetic dwelling on the negative and digital existence of publicity with the fate of secularization, has made poetry and reality deep chain out of touch, and thus the .90 s to the altar of poetry, the poet in a heavy cold landscape of cultural suicide, making more dead silence of poetry, reading poetry makes people even more to become the people living elsewhere. The poem itself is brilliant and the people talk about the process of consumption into a fast-paced life, abandoned by people. people say goodbye to the noble life increasingly secular trend, increasing the possibility of upgrading and to bid farewell to the secular nature of sinking. Thus, the poet's writing as writing literary elite intellectuals have been impossible because of the public alienated them, and they integrate this knowledge in writing in the experience of the public have been invalidated. named to become outdated, writing to refer to slide into their hearts and minds into prose by blanking the world.
90 years genre of poetry is so withered, their fast-mortal, and technology in business spending under rational press lost its legitimacy. Of course, in 97 years, there have yielded several promising ice thaw phenomenon of poetry, on the one hand is a Cong tenth century poem title, need to poetry; the other hand, appeared again after the obscure group, this group insisted in the 80 poets writing in the 90s, debut, to, the reality of alienation has just begun, poetry embarrassing situation is far from over, although it may be some new hot, but the poetry will encounter larger and larger areas of indifference. Therefore, the time to do the conversion makes the poetry a good idea to prepare a long marginalized, or is bound to exacerbate their sense of loss. any formal guise, the embrace of any new doctrine, will make poetry into a blind alley. poet retreated in one's own nature only, in unrest world to maintain a calm attitude, thinking and overall sexual naive beyond, could truly hold on now and get a certain degree of transcendence.
course, the China will continue to create a sense of the impact of poetry, especially when it is 36 at the end of the century all the introduction of the cold landscape, perhaps this will add a bit of heat the cold landscape. But we must clearly recognize that, in the commodity economy, unrest in the effects of long poems have been impossible, we only let go of your writing, stick to the edge of attitude, adhere to a new awareness of the ideal in order to make the writing as the best way to express existence. because, in a sense, 90 poetry is no longer possible that a similar breadth of 80, with the kind of flexibility is no longer possible to refer to a set of referential meaning behind the system, but also no longer possible in a metaphysical The most painful reality of the situation and the situation of the most helpless.
However, I still noticed some of the efforts of the poet, who is the new Wang, Nishikawa, Sun Wenbo, Xiao Yu opened, Ouyang rivers, Chen Dongdong, Zhang Shuguang and so on. This group of poets writing , may make the post-modern or post-colonial period to obtain a language experience of shock and criticism. poet, which may be in sticking to bid farewell to the past now, and perhaps look to the future in sticking to them now, but we need not worry, because the poet the telling does not want history to miss them, and do not want them to miss history, One is engraved the people's will was. the poet as a spiritual pursuit in this era and ask who has died from lack of a poetic era, a no poet, poetry, poetry of the times. Poets suicide is a extreme form of emaciated alone. poet committed suicide after the stagnant water Ripples, there have been some new developments.
may say, the poet's suicide and poetry to prose in the midst of still and lonely cries in the popular culture together. Thus, Prose, cultural essays, Little Women Little Men, essays, games prose, ruthless and current situation of the prose, popular in the world, so that the pockets of publishers drum up soon.
first new art essayist, such as Liu Ye Yuan, Zhou Pei-red, black children and other This style became the cultural center of attention. in the name Yu prose too violent and caused widespread debate after the academic, has emerged called Min, Si Yu, Zhang Kangkang, Faction, with its personalized, feminine, monologues of the prose, the prose ever to personalize. a Diversion, Hu dream, the old fool, Luo Shuang, Yu Jun, Feng Qiuzi and so on. poetic prose being lost in, but the prose is really able to meet the cultural spirit of the times it? really be the elite of this culture of scarcity it? In fact, the Unlike the poet to his high level, even going to concern the metaphysical ultimate meaning behind the metaphysical, but rather seek to care about the public's interest in reading and knowledge of the situation, or even condescension public expectation, so as materialism, consumerism, money worship popular, with the accelerated rhythm of the real world, as well as standardized by the mechanization of the human spirit caused by stress, coupled with anti-moral, anti-rational, anti-cultural and ideological trends and anti-religion, anti-order in the breeding mood, prose writer, soon found a sharp angle , relaxed and happy to proximate the public's taste, music to the public interest to create a soft incense for its sweet and delicious fast food books. This gives 90 wantonly engaged in cultural studies at the same time a departure from the culture succumb to fashion.
might say, prose seemingly enthusiastic involvement in life is an unprecedented time of indifference, apathy on the one hand show that the fracture of civilization had not the slightest attention, sick of sitting at the times and reflect the lack of ability to drive change, So in the description of my cat, my dog, my childhood, my nose so real something amiss not to replace the shock and deep experience to the old things and old habits, old life, instead of inert concessions the new meaning of life improved. So we see are always those anecdotes, those non- cent think that those who in reality is hilarious, but helps to digest the a glass of wine stylish, and twisting the truth away. of natural regimes, a tribute to life, a tribute to one of the things I became increasingly decadent scratch the surface of the writing or the full commodity, even a corrupt taste of human depravity proof. prose though the boom, but can not conceal his helpless kitsch defects, showing a kind of public media hype and packaging. Therefore, in the end of the century, we need to call for reconstruction of prose genres, the depth reconstruction of prose, essays re- individual experience and language experience, while exploring the cultural context of new essays and more creative aesthetic realm, and less cultural desecration, and less cultural self-flagellation, self-less lost in the mirror, and less to culture degenerated into deceive morbid sense of beauty. Essay should not be a simple cultural consumption, should not be a commodity culture of the times Nongzi shouting, essays should be the depth of human nature revealed in this era of new narrative mode, a new meaning.
might say, poetry, the poet began after suicide scattered into the other new type of art, and has earned down the house. When the pure poetry lose readers, the poetry broke into the misappropriation to MTV, the result, cry always weathered thousands of years, remains the same always had the night hh Tour essential goods. However, I would say, all this poetic diversion despite winning some great commercial value, but it is not poetic description of a new life. On the contrary, this type of poetic Lament and some sad old, except the lack of poetry in contemporary thinking and the thinking of the Classical misappropriation or misread, the fate of contemporary poetry contemporary poets like fate can not be ignored.
pure poetry as the poetry of Chinese people think the perspective is bound to have good faith and spirit of the transcendent character of temperament. It does not play skills, do not join the new image new rhythm and new sensibility, in turn this new feeling of new hope that the new thinking and new language transported into the body of the new century; it against to keep life simple and the most delicate and the most mysterious feelings, experience and comprehension. It is in silence and obscurity in the savings of their own strength, traveled alone in their own strength of character is to show aloof from the world in search of the hard life on the road meaning play their own destiny.
poet committed suicide showed that the value of life of the Brave, a trade-off, which will treat all individuals to obtain all the shock and examine the soul of the new opportunity. Meanwhile, the poet died of suicide and suicidal resistance of the road, because Poets die prematurely and rapidly, so that the end of poetry is room up, On the contrary, the poet's portrait will cover your glory of the poem itself.
three public secular survival strategy.
I insist that our proximity to nothing without the people realize that nothing, not because weight loss completely obscure, not to mention hidden in the void behind the suicide.
carpe diem does not concern the same poet who committed suicide, without a break in is music, Gongchoujiaocuo to drunk with wine, at the present pseudo-pioneers in the atmosphere to produce nothing more nothing words and amused. They laughed at the poet's suicide, and tried to erase the heavy significance of the poet committed suicide, erase the historical memory of people who tear things, to erase the poet Nowadays in the plane of the writing life to something which upheld the depth of the poet's death they became a happy disproof their secular life.
addition, the so-called provide a safe haven away from the suffering, Chodo worth mentioning, mountain worth mentioning, in the art world can not Today's era is the era of competition. It has quite like Go and collision or for children to child-based, all that is accidental - existence, because the soul will not feel sleepy nothingness.
then sober contemporary Chinese intellectuals feel that sad? two thousand years ago in Ze Yuan Yin issued the banks of Phi, the already chant: I Clear, the world is drunk I alone am sober. people can not be relieved, but there is nothing poetic face
tragic post-modern cultural meaning of human embodiment of the crisis. modern and post-modern domination in the money economy in the modern city life, swelling up and push it to explore modern Among the private interests of private power to space, but have begun to squeeze the public space and public power. With this physical sense of space and sense of time for further reinforcement of life, the modern culture of nerve.
ideal value collapses, people and spirit of the body contact strip, and finally make their way in the modernization, with the law weakened the religion (the West) and moral disposition (China). in the back when the nothingness Each person can only to find way to survive this world. So many of the smart people the meaning of life has been condensed into one word - large areas of imbalance and spiritual value of the depression, it was stressed the need to offer psychological consultation and more. I thought then, but not natural. because of our proximity to nothingness is not psychological but the survival of Xu Zheng Xu Zheng. symptomatic of the law not on the law .
However, I am saying is that if we did not backed by nothing but the face of nothingness, beyond the nothingness of this high, Hemingway committed suicide in the genius and Zi, the poet committed suicide in front of these Gemai our heads hanging down, we still raise our heart and soul, and ultimately to defeat those who thought the fate of nothingness to pay tribute to great men: it is extremely painful the ultimate enlightenment of Buddha under the Bodhi did not commit suicide; great commitment to the fate of Socrates did not commit suicide; in an extremely difficult situation of Pasternak to a Sima Qian's great shame to a verse issued a . the poet is no longer omniscient prophets, they are just a tiny spark intense competition in the lazy or the secular ordinary times, so that everyone who in the face of their extraordinary figure that when the recognition, moved and inspired .
not a lone poet who, in fact, have many fellow travelers poet - philosopher, thinker, practitioner. They were silent, and fortitude to the wisdom and perseverance of a strong, given the life of the world asked, Poetry Image Collage old , but not in the poet's hypocritical and covered with the aura of poetry to kill people. the real poet is eager to enter the life to save human life, is not in any fashionable words as a powder and avoid becoming the trend of the client who is not succumbed to the fate of the soul of the law and no apartment in the bitterness of many in the death of love against the people. poet poetry in a very personal line of blood and tears of blooming flowers like philosophizing, in purgatory and to demonstrate the choice of the net community a new life for himself. the fate of misery for a poet is like the iron gate, however, the poet dared to use his head to hit the fan materialistic and rational the door. and personalized experience for its pure ignited some sort of universal Thinking ...
professor at Beijing University Ph.D. Yue-Chuan Wang
Section 90 of the marginalization of poetry
history is always made in new ways, said in the past. From wave tip to trough just a moment of effort, history to complete it from the disruption or transformation.
one 80 schools overall rise of poetry.
and poet 90 different individual values, the mid-80's Poetry Exhibition ; Africa and Africa will not r, r is not the spirit of things and people before the cultural restoration for r r, after all this universe, and both are owned by Africa and Africa thinkers, the most arbitrary and the most shameless hyperbole that badly beaten, think of something. Light anger can not. to transcend and could not bear to the world. we are like a baby Emmanuel has a circle of saints, the poet is mortal, he would like to think mortal, mortal line by line death squads operations and restructuring of new lineages with their own poetry.
the new School, beyond the dim misty beauty and humanity of the United States, engaged in a language experiment, showing a space-occupying type poetry attitude, showing a keen on the post-modern theory. So, Han Dong, Yu Jian and ; showing a difference in the multiple values each pattern in the late 80s have a considerable impact.
Second, the survival of individual poetry 90 translocation.
90 years show that the transformation of large areas of poetry: Poetry 80 School groups that emphasized the rise of the whole, stressing the way the poet in schools for their own name, focus groups of writing, in the 90 years has expired, .90 is a pattern in poetry: community schools difficult to maintain or own Since the destruction, the poet becomes the basic unit of the individual nature of writing, or even no longer interested in playing under the banner of the Universal Declaration or the publicity, no longer pay attention to what the poet in the 90's wave of suicide in the stream, there was a major pioneer poet of fissile, that is, by Westernized ideas, areas and themes, and poetic words sent sentence sentences and Europeanization, turned 90 years of Chinese discourse field began to strengthen their own personal writing and the reorganization of the self-image feelings. Meanwhile, there are some poets began to enter the non-mainstream, anti-aesthetic, of the capital of the , Isa and so on. to post-modern poetics in the power of discourse and discourse of power woven goods times, adhere to the marginalization of a certain poet poetry objectives, such as who has shaken off the effects of royal Obscure new spirit of adventure to begin their new formulation. Sun Wenbo in the liquidation of the 80's is a problem later, that and another wanted to build title-utilitarian significance; everyone is talking about a huge system, about the eternal theme, or even talk about absolute form, it seems true of Chinese poetry written in the hands of the peak of a generation. But the fact is that phenomena that we had not crossed the world of poetry of the sixties. to the poem called empiricism. understand that at some stage of writing poetry has been largely over, many of the works ineffective. Perhaps the noble past, hazy, capital of the people, ideas, and so the reverse of sacred criticism and reversal of the path leading to a self-deprecating, ridicule, and purely objective sense of self, to get the survival status and survival status . However, this writing is characterized by people from the upper to the secular life, from the Greek and Roman poetry of worship transferred to the Western modern and post-modern poets of worship, and go to live with the current state of Chinese society daily life, from language and context of the grasp of rhythm, turning to the colloquial or even foul of the The transformation of the 90's poetry appeared in Beyond the idealized so-called reveal the existence and confused in writing the extrusion products has revealed the significance of the situation. is firm, Sun Wenbo, Xiao Yu opened, Zhang Shuguang, Zhai Yongming and other poets of the pen, the language of political rhetoric and personal sexual desire wrapped in confusion and false rhetoric, history and the present, shadowing, and perception in order that poetry is no longer a spiritual eternal existence, and as the language of the moment of existence is meaningless fight scenes mixed. in Sri Lanka, the timing of the grand historical narrative, by spatial fragment replaced by the present life, will experience a sense of powerlessness and life chance of life, presenting poetry in the 90 spectrum. It should be noted that, due to over-the concept of change and spiritual escape, so that poetry becomes a personal inner monologue by himself to the aphasia, poetry does not become a significant communication system, then, there has been an empty field of aesthetic poetry, reading poetry also appeared in the empty field. poet to write their own operational ruthless manner that point , and from the reader gradually disappeared from view.
can be said that in the context of everyday mundane and non-allegorical writing in the contemporary scene, the poet has suffered the failure of language, a language he can flee to their own strategies and The sense of individual life, and have important gains. while other critics are diametrically contrary view that Pioneer 90's most of them are thinking of poetry at low tide, depression era language games, superstition shortcut, resulting in a poetry unprecedented big blunder and poetry as a whole appeared a large number of diseases, such as: rhythm die, escape, boring, messy patchwork, pretending to be mysterious weird, bluster, sit idle, self-enclosed, personality atrophy, has abandoned traditional doctrine first and so on. < br> Goods tide to become a business in a large number of pioneer poet Daomaidaomai the master file in the teeth of the rich elegance that among the just 80 years of poetry thrown in a corner of the banner. It fell under the banner of self-doubt accelerate the demise of the Pioneer Poems and make them quickly from the third generation, fourth generation, fifth and sixth generation constantly changing, however, because of its inherent loss of depth, so that the divine grasp of writing disappear, only change is to poetry into a tricky secular behavior. in the cultural vacuum, the gap in the power of discourse, the poem had some small skill achievement, but the power sliding and conspiracy in the experiment lost coordinates, making the concept of poetry and poetry in the form of separation. poetry into a form of testing, a free game with the current state of the alias.
Third, the body of poetry and Chinese poetry in an empty field.
awareness of their own problems Poetry digestion, making the group poetry writing poetry writing to the individual and not to the poem a real prospect of a little light, leaving a considerable part of the death can not read poetry as meaningless text. I always think, at the end of the century should not only be a poetic elegy of, not only should Gone into a past life memory, and should be on the current state of critical survival text, should be past time to say farewell, to become a truly poetic poetic calling, meaning of life and the world named.
from the deeper problem of view, poetry and history have been concerned about the future of the current culture and cultural hegemony in the current context of the cultural imagination of space requires the establishment of monitoring and transparency of gaze and visibility, and constantly see and be seen the rise of the cultural attitude, the words inside me would demand a more modern mode of operation, therefore, culture power of this simple model can be implemented, that is a ; was staring. but penetrate many areas as possible to set a way to achieve power through a transparent way, and various minor Speaking of power, even in the modern media, all the privacy and confidentiality will be fully exposed to see and be seen clearly possibilities. Therefore, the test poem in the body of the In writing a kind of deviant assume the risk, however, it should go beyond the game's remarks that hackneyed term, beyond the out, re-establish their risk of a true copy of the value of writing, and thinking of Chinese writing in Chinese, to be called self-creativity. the universe, history, philosophy, life, death and life of a heat of the individual singing, poetry is the real body where there is a basis. at least I thought so.
V prose poet Gone strategy after the trendy
80 years has become history, and more 90's commercial tide of pressure to the edge of the trendy. the poet in this rapidly developing business community, in this rapid secular society, increasingly become a bleak memory. Then, the the fit, bystander.
one pure poetry of poverty and forgotten.
However, when the modern way to become the future of the world's only when the fast, competition oriented, goal oriented, anxiety, technology of the become all the cultural representation of this era, and poetry will become illegal, the kind of elegant and graceful harmony of the process of human life and of things which have become redundant. so poetic lack of life becomes an intermediary technology, health German said Art. can be said that today's vanguard of a non-pioneer than any ambivalence felt by the state and conflicts are much more. Therefore, the pioneer spirit of the confusion is the art of confusion.
90 years, pure poetry of poverty has been going on for nearly ten years, the poet Zi, Gemai have committed suicide, the poet of suicide in the 90s as poetry events, culture end of the century has become a heavy allegory. poetic world as layer upon layer of ; replaced. This excess of the state of poetry, look at the history of China for thousands of poems can be said is unprecedented. Poetry own destiny, poetry and readers, poetry with the times, poetry and other artistic relationship between category and poetry in the real position and situation, has moved from a deep-level description of the uncertainty of the times the pursuit of meaning and poetic dwelling on the negative and digital existence of publicity with the fate of secularization, has made poetry and reality deep chain out of touch, and thus the .90 s to the altar of poetry, the poet in a heavy cold landscape of cultural suicide, making more dead silence of poetry, reading poetry makes people even more to become the people living elsewhere. The poem itself is brilliant and the people talk about the process of consumption into a fast-paced life, abandoned by people. people say goodbye to the noble life increasingly secular trend, increasing the possibility of upgrading and to bid farewell to the secular nature of sinking. Thus, the poet's writing as writing literary elite intellectuals have been impossible because of the public alienated them, and they integrate this knowledge in writing in the experience of the public have been invalidated. named to become outdated, writing to refer to slide into their hearts and minds into prose by blanking the world.
90 years genre of poetry is so withered, their fast-mortal, and technology in business spending under rational press lost its legitimacy. Of course, in 97 years, there have yielded several promising ice thaw phenomenon of poetry, on the one hand is a Cong tenth century poem title, need to poetry; the other hand, appeared again after the obscure group, this group insisted in the 80 poets writing in the 90s, debut, to, the reality of alienation has just begun, poetry embarrassing situation is far from over, although it may be some new hot, but the poetry will encounter larger and larger areas of indifference. Therefore, the time to do the conversion makes the poetry a good idea to prepare a long marginalized, or is bound to exacerbate their sense of loss. any formal guise, the embrace of any new doctrine, will make poetry into a blind alley. poet retreated in one's own nature only, in unrest world to maintain a calm attitude, thinking and overall sexual naive beyond, could truly hold on now and get a certain degree of transcendence.
course, the China will continue to create a sense of the impact of poetry, especially when it is 36 at the end of the century all the introduction of the cold landscape, perhaps this will add a bit of heat the cold landscape. But we must clearly recognize that, in the commodity economy, unrest in the effects of long poems have been impossible, we only let go of your writing, stick to the edge of attitude, adhere to a new awareness of the ideal in order to make the writing as the best way to express existence. because, in a sense, 90 poetry is no longer possible that a similar breadth of 80, with the kind of flexibility is no longer possible to refer to a set of referential meaning behind the system, but also no longer possible in a metaphysical The most painful reality of the situation and the situation of the most helpless.
However, I still noticed some of the efforts of the poet, who is the new Wang, Nishikawa, Sun Wenbo, Xiao Yu opened, Ouyang rivers, Chen Dongdong, Zhang Shuguang and so on. This group of poets writing , may make the post-modern or post-colonial period to obtain a language experience of shock and criticism. poet, which may be in sticking to bid farewell to the past now, and perhaps look to the future in sticking to them now, but we need not worry, because the poet the telling does not want history to miss them, and do not want them to miss history, One is engraved the people's will was. the poet as a spiritual pursuit in this era and ask who has died from lack of a poetic era, a no poet, poetry, poetry of the times. Poets suicide is a extreme form of emaciated alone. poet committed suicide after the stagnant water Ripples, there have been some new developments.
may say, the poet's suicide and poetry to prose in the midst of still and lonely cries in the popular culture together. Thus, Prose, cultural essays, Little Women Little Men, essays, games prose, ruthless and current situation of the prose, popular in the world, so that the pockets of publishers drum up soon.
first new art essayist, such as Liu Ye Yuan, Zhou Pei-red, black children and other This style became the cultural center of attention. in the name Yu prose too violent and caused widespread debate after the academic, has emerged called Min, Si Yu, Zhang Kangkang, Faction, with its personalized, feminine, monologues of the prose, the prose ever to personalize. a Diversion, Hu dream, the old fool, Luo Shuang, Yu Jun, Feng Qiuzi and so on. poetic prose being lost in, but the prose is really able to meet the cultural spirit of the times it? really be the elite of this culture of scarcity it? In fact, the Unlike the poet to his high level, even going to concern the metaphysical ultimate meaning behind the metaphysical, but rather seek to care about the public's interest in reading and knowledge of the situation, or even condescension public expectation, so as materialism, consumerism, money worship popular, with the accelerated rhythm of the real world, as well as standardized by the mechanization of the human spirit caused by stress, coupled with anti-moral, anti-rational, anti-cultural and ideological trends and anti-religion, anti-order in the breeding mood, prose writer, soon found a sharp angle , relaxed and happy to proximate the public's taste, music to the public interest to create a soft incense for its sweet and delicious fast food books. This gives 90 wantonly engaged in cultural studies at the same time a departure from the culture succumb to fashion.
might say, prose seemingly enthusiastic involvement in life is an unprecedented time of indifference, apathy on the one hand show that the fracture of civilization had not the slightest attention, sick of sitting at the times and reflect the lack of ability to drive change, So in the description of my cat, my dog, my childhood, my nose so real something amiss not to replace the shock and deep experience to the old things and old habits, old life, instead of inert concessions the new meaning of life improved. So we see are always those anecdotes, those non- cent think that those who in reality is hilarious, but helps to digest the a glass of wine stylish, and twisting the truth away. of natural regimes, a tribute to life, a tribute to one of the things I became increasingly decadent scratch the surface of the writing or the full commodity, even a corrupt taste of human depravity proof. prose though the boom, but can not conceal his helpless kitsch defects, showing a kind of public media hype and packaging. Therefore, in the end of the century, we need to call for reconstruction of prose genres, the depth reconstruction of prose, essays re- individual experience and language experience, while exploring the cultural context of new essays and more creative aesthetic realm, and less cultural desecration, and less cultural self-flagellation, self-less lost in the mirror, and less to culture degenerated into deceive morbid sense of beauty. Essay should not be a simple cultural consumption, should not be a commodity culture of the times Nongzi shouting, essays should be the depth of human nature revealed in this era of new narrative mode, a new meaning.
might say, poetry, the poet began after suicide scattered into the other new type of art, and has earned down the house. When the pure poetry lose readers, the poetry broke into the misappropriation to MTV, the result, cry always weathered thousands of years, remains the same always had the night hh Tour essential goods. However, I would say, all this poetic diversion despite winning some great commercial value, but it is not poetic description of a new life. On the contrary, this type of poetic Lament and some sad old, except the lack of poetry in contemporary thinking and the thinking of the Classical misappropriation or misread, the fate of contemporary poetry contemporary poets like fate can not be ignored.
pure poetry as the poetry of Chinese people think the perspective is bound to have good faith and spirit of the transcendent character of temperament. It does not play skills, do not join the new image new rhythm and new sensibility, in turn this new feeling of new hope that the new thinking and new language transported into the body of the new century; it against to keep life simple and the most delicate and the most mysterious feelings, experience and comprehension. It is in silence and obscurity in the savings of their own strength, traveled alone in their own strength of character is to show aloof from the world in search of the hard life on the road meaning play their own destiny.
poet committed suicide showed that the value of life of the Brave, a trade-off, which will treat all individuals to obtain all the shock and examine the soul of the new opportunity. Meanwhile, the poet died of suicide and suicidal resistance of the road, because Poets die prematurely and rapidly, so that the end of poetry is room up, On the contrary, the poet's portrait will cover your glory of the poem itself.
three public secular survival strategy.
I insist that our proximity to nothing without the people realize that nothing, not because weight loss completely obscure, not to mention hidden in the void behind the suicide.
carpe diem does not concern the same poet who committed suicide, without a break in is music, Gongchoujiaocuo to drunk with wine, at the present pseudo-pioneers in the atmosphere to produce nothing more nothing words and amused. They laughed at the poet's suicide, and tried to erase the heavy significance of the poet committed suicide, erase the historical memory of people who tear things, to erase the poet Nowadays in the plane of the writing life to something which upheld the depth of the poet's death they became a happy disproof their secular life.
addition, the so-called provide a safe haven away from the suffering, Chodo worth mentioning, mountain worth mentioning, in the art world can not Today's era is the era of competition. It has quite like Go and collision or for children to child-based, all that is accidental - existence, because the soul will not feel sleepy nothingness.
then sober contemporary Chinese intellectuals feel that sad? two thousand years ago in Ze Yuan Yin issued the banks of Phi, the already chant: I Clear, the world is drunk I alone am sober. people can not be relieved, but there is nothing poetic face
tragic post-modern cultural meaning of human embodiment of the crisis. modern and post-modern domination in the money economy in the modern city life, swelling up and push it to explore modern Among the private interests of private power to space, but have begun to squeeze the public space and public power. With this physical sense of space and sense of time for further reinforcement of life, the modern culture of nerve.
ideal value collapses, people and spirit of the body contact strip, and finally make their way in the modernization, with the law weakened the religion (the West) and moral disposition (China). in the back when the nothingness Each person can only to find way to survive this world. So many of the smart people the meaning of life has been condensed into one word - large areas of imbalance and spiritual value of the depression, it was stressed the need to offer psychological consultation and more. I thought then, but not natural. because of our proximity to nothingness is not psychological but the survival of Xu Zheng Xu Zheng. symptomatic of the law not on the law .
However, I am saying is that if we did not backed by nothing but the face of nothingness, beyond the nothingness of this high, Hemingway committed suicide in the genius and Zi, the poet committed suicide in front of these Gemai our heads hanging down, we still raise our heart and soul, and ultimately to defeat those who thought the fate of nothingness to pay tribute to great men: it is extremely painful the ultimate enlightenment of Buddha under the Bodhi did not commit suicide; great commitment to the fate of Socrates did not commit suicide; in an extremely difficult situation of Pasternak to a Sima Qian's great shame to a verse issued a . the poet is no longer omniscient prophets, they are just a tiny spark intense competition in the lazy or the secular ordinary times, so that everyone who in the face of their extraordinary figure that when the recognition, moved and inspired .
not a lone poet who, in fact, have many fellow travelers poet - philosopher, thinker, practitioner. They were silent, and fortitude to the wisdom and perseverance of a strong, given the life of the world asked, Poetry Image Collage old , but not in the poet's hypocritical and covered with the aura of poetry to kill people. the real poet is eager to enter the life to save human life, is not in any fashionable words as a powder and avoid becoming the trend of the client who is not succumbed to the fate of the soul of the law and no apartment in the bitterness of many in the death of love against the people. poet poetry in a very personal line of blood and tears of blooming flowers like philosophizing, in purgatory and to demonstrate the choice of the net community a new life for himself. the fate of misery for a poet is like the iron gate, however, the poet dared to use his head to hit the fan materialistic and rational the door. and personalized experience for its pure ignited some sort of universal Thinking ...
Subscribe to:
Comments (Atom)