1999 edition of

 Region name. Refers to the northern Mongolian Plateau, as distinct from the southern Inner Mongolia Plateau. Formerly part of Chinese territory, the Qing Xie map divided into territories Khan,Discount UGG boots, Zha Sake Figure Khan, three tone Nuoyan Khan, Chechnya and Afghanistan and other Khalkha four Hovd, Tangnu Wu Lianghai two districts, in the final stationed Uliastai fixed in the left side, Deputy General govern. 1911 Outer Mongolia Russia instigated In 1915, China, Russia, Mongolia conclusion of the three parties kyakhta After the October Revolution, Outer Mongolia in 1919 to abandon the Early 1921, Outer Mongolia entrenched feudal lords in the instigation of the Chinese border in Belarus, once again declared May 1924 In the same year in November, Mongolia abolished the monarchy, the establishment of the People's Republic. January 1946, the Chinese Nationalist government recognition of independence of Outer Mongolia.

Outer Mongolia's independence and Russia and the Soviet Government are closely related. In fact, expansionist Russia, Mongolia has long cherished ambition. They had threatened: Once the collapse of the Qing Dynasty, Mongolia from China will be able to dismember it. The Wuchang Uprising gunshot, so that the Russian expansionist felt gave him the opportunity to incite Mongolia in Uliastai Administrative Region of the Interim Government of feudal lords, and in the end of 1911 declaration of independence. In 1912, Russia captured the group of people the army coast House. February 15, Russia to support Mongolia's eighth Living Buddha in the world at the time Du Fu Function of Zhebuzundanba Coulomb set up a Function of Zhebuzundanba Living Buddha himself as A month later, on March 24, he officially declared out: Outer Mongolia independent.

claim for the independence of Outer Mongolia, Sun Yat-sen, who expressed strong opposition, and explicitly declared that He also sent several times to advise the Function of Zhebuzundanba Living Buddha, cancel independence, Russia will not join their government.

forced by the pressure of the domestic sectors, Yuan also on 15 April 1912 the then Foreign Minister Lu Cheng-hsiang ordered the Russian government to declare: Outer Mongolia by the Chinese non-recognition of the matter, is void!

statements and opposition to China, Russia turned a blind eye, in the November 3, 1912 with the signing of Stress Function of Zhebuzundanba Mongolian National Army training, allowed the Chinese army entered the territory of Mongolia, Chinese immigrants are not allowed here. Russians also provides special privileges in Outer Mongolia. Clearly, Russia's attempt is to bring Mongolia's secession from China, and further to become their own colony.

1912 年 11 8, the Russian Minister to China Library Peng Chomsky emergency diplomatic meeting with General Liang Ruhao soon after taking office, the Mongolia act alone.

Liang Ruhao to be outdone, the present note of protest to the Russian Government:

No matter your country, and Mongolia there what terms, the Chinese government will not be recognized. Government, that the abolition of speed,

see Russia government refused to recognize the Chinese diplomats, Yuan afraid of offending Russia, China and Japan, put Liangru Hao called, face to face large increases reprimanded. Liang Ruhao indignation, immediately submitted his resignation to the Yuan.

Later, Lu Cheng-hsiang successor to chief foreign affairs, but related to China's territorial sovereignty, he did not want to become a sinner, so the Government to continue negotiations with Russia until the September 1913 departure Lu Cheng-hsiang, China and Russia are still negotiations delayed pending.

to address the issue of Sino-Russian negotiations on Outer Mongolia, Yuan Lu Cheng-hsiang left in after he appointed his chief of Foreign Affairs Sun Baoqi marriage. Sun Baoqi toe on the Yuan, in November 1913 drew up a Sino-Russian declaration document for consideration by undermining China's sovereignty, in exchange for the Russian government recognized by the government of Yuan Shikai. July 7,Bailey UGG boots, 1915, China, Russia and Mongolia in Mongolia in the three parties signed Chuck map The agreement provides that: Outer Mongolia is part of Chinese territory, and in Outer Mongolia and Russia agreed to autonomy. This is actually tantamount to recognition of Russia's aggression against China, Mongolia requirements.

Soviet government was established, the Soviet government, a central question is how China's Northern Region government and the actual ruler of Manchuria, Chang Tso-lin Outer Mongolia to handle sensitive issues. Soviet Union was particularly concerned about this issue for two reasons: First, Russia was the Soviet Red Army defeated the White Army generals, led by Semenov and Weng Geen other men fled the junction of Outer Mongolia and Inner Mongolia, rely on Chang Tso-lin's secret support, and the Soviet regime ditch, and attempted to establish the area in Mongolia and the Far East, Second, the Soviet Government has always believed that Outer Mongolia and the Soviet Union, China has an extremely complex geopolitical relations. Therefore, the Soviet government, in order to ensure that the Soviet regime's rule in the Far East, with the Chinese side to handle geo-political relations, the issue becomes extremely important to Outer Mongolia.

As mentioned earlier, the history of Russia the government has forced the Chinese Government to accept such as But the

1919 年 10 months, the Northern government to send NORTHWEST FRONTIER and the Northwest frontier, led the army commander Xu Shuzheng open to The feudal monarchy immediately signed A few days later, November 22, 1919, President of the Government by the Northern Shichang publicly announced to the world: Mongolia has been the complete abolition of As a rule, Mongolia tribute to the central government on time. Meanwhile, in the Northern Government initiative, in the Coulomb also started the Bank of China No. Coulomb semicolon.

caused changes in the status of Outer Mongolia Moscow's attention. For careful consideration, the second half of the Soviet government in 1919 issued a tentative statement that The statement sets out the East the Soviet foreign policy outside the government to abolish Russia signed a series of unequal treaties of Mongolia, expressed its willingness to establish equal relations with the Mongolian living Buddha.

But the statement issued, Outer Mongolia was received in the second year the Mongolian text, but also did not respond.

During this period, the Soviet government eager to develop relations with Mongolia have been the intention of the Comintern's attention. They instructed the city of Irkutsk in the Soviet Union engaged in export revolution Oriental secret of the The Mongolian Ministry's main task is in China, Mongolia, Japan and North Korea and other countries organize a revolutionary movement, and building a communist group, the progress within the organization for its economic and military aid, training, professional revolutionary workers, the ultimate aim in these countries the implementation of communism.

1920 年 11 17, (Bolshevik) in conjunction with the Communist International, launching the help Mongolia to implement the revolutionary united front against the Chinese rule of the warlords. The following year in February to work out specific measures, for example, provide weapons and equipment Mongolian revolutionary guerrillas, communist groups to build Mongolia, carried out against Chinese rule and Russia Bai Weijun warlords armed struggle and so on.

government and the Comintern in the Soviet Union the strong support of the territory of Mongolia had a Communist nature of the political parties - the Mongolian People's Party. January 1, 1921, held in the city in Qiaha figure for the first time the Mongolian People's Party National Congress. A total of 26 representatives to attend the General Assembly. The General Assembly's slogan is: the Soviet Communist Party and the Comintern's leadership and support, unity and all the people, the revolution against imperialism and feudalism, and for national unity and social liberation struggle.

joint meeting also decided that all the territory of the guerrilla Revolutionary Armed forces to form a unified organization, the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army.

the same year on March 13, held in the city in Qiaha Figure Mongolia region by the flag of the labor representatives, representatives of the various guerrilla groups and the participation of representatives of the revolutionary party of the Mongolian People's Congress. The initiative of the Soviet government, the Assembly decided to set up the Provisional People's Government of Mongolia. Previously established the leadership of the Mongolian People's Party members in senior positions in the government.

mate situation in Mongolia, the Soviet government to carry out joint Comintern accelerated the Manchurian against Chang Tso-lin Bai Weijun Weng Geen forces and remnants of Russia's February 10, 1921, (Bolshevik) Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Ministry issued a statement through the Communist International: the warlord Chang Tso-lin's forces in Mongolia and The fight for the revolutionary cause of national liberation, of the nascent Soviet regime and the blockade of the siege.

Soviet leaders that, if these tasks is not only beneficial to the consolidation of Soviet power, but also to improve the Soviet Union and neighboring countries (regions) of the bilateral relations.

by February 10 (Bolshevik) declared the spirit of the Soviet Government on June 16 to make a decision of the Soviet Red Army stationed in Outer Mongolia. And in June 28, 1921 formed by the Man and 切列米西诺夫 satisfied by the Mongolian expedition led by General from Qiaha map to the location of the headquarters of Weng Geen - Coulomb moving.

out on the Mongolian government troops in the Soviet Union two months ago, in mid-April 1921, was held in Tianjin, the Northern Government had an important meeting, whose main topic is the situation in Mongolia. The participants believe that the current crisis in Mongolia is not only a threat to the Zhangjiakou, and a threat to Beijing. To this end, the meeting decided to appoint Chang Tso-lin as the Soviet Red Army entered Outer Mongolia.

However, when Chang Tso-lin's troops had just approaching Zhangjiakou, it is not in front of the horse. It turned out that Chang Tso-lin in the lead a force into the Mongolian, the are weak in Wengge En Chang Tso-lin to know that they are not rivals. In the Japanese deal, he said to Chang Tso-lin: circumstances, have defected, said opponents, Chang Tso-lin is naturally very excited. Then he immediately replied: accepted Chengxiazhimeng and, as time to help.

Weng Geen, Mingluo Man, or Sternberg. Soviet archives on his presentation is: Group Members participated in the Crusades.

his youth to participate in the Czar's army, the army marched in 1905 in northeast China with Russia in the Russo-Japanese War and Japanese military operations several times. After the Russo-Japanese War, serving in a Cossack regiment security. During World War I, in the hands of the Germans Wrangel combat, combat bravery, was awarded the St. George's Cross.

Bai Weijun officers had seen the Americans, said he was a pale, weak appearance of the Baltic nobility, had fair hair and reddish beard. He has always been in the military derring-do, known for brutality and fury.

After the October Revolution, Weng Geen With a strong hatred of the Bolsheviks back to Siberia, Russia put under the command of General Semenov, command of a Cossack regiment, as Semenov's right-hand man and an accomplice. Subsequently,UGG shoes, the Russian Prime Minister Kerensky Provisional Government sent Semenov and Weng Geen to set up outside Mongolia in the Baikal region Weng Geen at the age of 35, was awarded the rank of lieutenant general Semenov.

1920, the Semenov and Weng Geen forces fighting with the Soviet Red Army defeated, Semenov and Weng Geen break. Semyonov led his troops through Siberia into China in Harbin, and Weng Geen, who led his command of the Bai Weijun back in Mongolia. Later, he called this from the Russians, Mongolians, Chinese and Japanese troops composed of reorganization as the The end of 1920, he led the

for Weng Geen and the Sayers and Albert? Kahn, in his book character itself. He married a Mongolian princess, took off his suit, put on the Mongolian yellow silk robes, claiming to be the reincarnation of Genghis Khan. He often turn around his instigation of the Japanese spies, dreams do 'new world order of the Emperor', this Beginning of a new order from the east, Russia and Europe will certainly come, and the use of fire, swords and guns to 'corrupt democracy and communism, the Jews' extermination. Banfeng the tyranny of this were to take any of numerous barbaric acts. One time He in a small town in Siberia to see a beautiful Jewish woman, to 1,000 rubles a reward to the woman's head. head to fetch, and reward or pay.

gallows the laying of a road from Asia across Europe. 'Weng Geen Baron claims. Department Kwan Kam:

strong believers from following the collapsing after Semenov, the Bai Weijun in the territory of the Republic of China within a few sticks of fleeing, most of the line to go to Mongolia, and the total gallons, and other prejudice to the Republic of China and the Far Eastern Republic and the Republic of the farmers who labor with each other, much like the masters of the department. China cantonment area where the Coulomb forces can not attack their own bulk of the White Army troops to the army headquarters and the commander of the Far East Republic request the Ministry of Sasuke, the strong believers repulsed. Labour Agriculture Government of Mongolia that the clearance of aggression matter, the public interest, even willing to assist the Chinese military attack Coulomb scattered Bai Weijun, instructions have been notified of considerable headquarters in Siberia, carry on.

invoked this power the government of agricultural workers, agricultural workers Mongolia proves to send troops, the Department of the good friend of China, Mongolia, once the residence of Bai Weijun remove the net to make the time count has reached the army that purpose should be immediately withdrawn . special power. November 10, 1920 sent from Moscow. No. 8610. ①

the then Northern Government Ministry of Foreign Affairs, after receiving this telegram, transferred to the Chang Tso-lin highest office. But Chang Tso-lin to Ministry to intervene. telegram reads as follows:

Beijing Ministry of Foreign Affairs KAM:

Coulomb Although China has sufficient troops in, been a few days, and Semenov remnants of the army, are still free to Mongolia's position forward. to get rid of the remnants, Chinese and Mongolian officials are willing to agree to send troops to go to Russia and Mongolia one, was November 10th of knowledge documented. without trial reasons, the Chinese government has yet to be answered on the item.'re in China Yi Jiang in the Coulomb and surrounded by officials close to the TSE Coulomb expel gang members, or will try to pursue, when You get the same effect. special deep fortunate. Gu is hereby declared by the Chinese government should be, the Russian Republic to the land of others for political non-aggression principle China is now the Russian government is seeking to rapidly because of clearance of TSE partisans against Russia, the Russian government intends not to armed soldiers marched Mongolian territory. If the TSE along the edge of gang members are still haunted Mongolia, Russia to help when required, the Russian government to Russia friendship and interest between the two countries, will assist in clarifying the use of force against the revolution, partisans of the TSE. November 28, 1920 sent from Moscow. No. No. 9685. ③ Northern Government Qiqie Lin received a second telegram, the force pressure on Chang Tso-lin, the Soviet Union required a matter of sending troops to wan Mongolia bandits then rejected. Dec. 24, when the State Department instructed the Foreign Ministry:

Kai: The quasi-copy of your Department of Agriculture workers General advise the administration's foreign troops to go to Mongolia and Russia co-destroy a bandit culture. check Mongolian Department of our territory, Russian bandits harassed the local, our military has been sequential Jinchao can of clear, not to destroy his country move, please help. the Russian government excuse Yuezu, from what role can be special concerns. appropriate invite your letter the Department of the nuclear complex. on sending troops to go to Mongolia a sternly to stop, and needless to your aid cases, and effectively told to DU may also watching for. Sincerely, Foreign Department.

the same day, Foreign Ministry also ordered to contact the Chinese Embassy in the British Minister, asked the British envoy in negotiations with the Soviet Union:

agricultural workers, according to the Russian foreign power long Qiqie Lin November 10 that agricultural workers Coulomb Chinese government officials request, has instructed troops in Siberia to Mongolia to help destroy the headquarters thank the Ministry of remnants, what level immediately withdrawn. complex must have power on the 28th, said Chinese officials have in the library is grateful to the Party get rid of the Russian government does not intend that the army marched Mongolian territory. If the DR side of the party is still haunted Mongolia, Russia will need assistance, will assist the other language of force.

check armies crossed the line between sovereignty, very important. The first power is called by me, please help section, when the Department of fiction. is suspended while troops are still in the future to assist in the language of force, hard to recognize in the end I am. hope to convey on behalf of agricultural workers in Britain to destroy Mongolian border issues, we arranged a very thorough and not seek Russian government Yuezu Dai. Please turn power the government of their mutual respect for sovereignty, soon before the intended cancellation in order to avoid misunderstanding as to. hope electrical cardioversion, the Foreign Ministry. ②

4 days later, on Dec. 28, the State Council instructed the Foreign Ministry on the matter again:

Kai: The case of pure search Chiang transferred from Irkutsk, Russia's diplomatic chief of a power of agricultural workers, may help China drive out other conditions Xie partisans. check Mongolia unclear, already send teams to rush to the rescue, gradually Ji Ping, all defense, self-complete as the Chinese, no labor to raise the Russian government Yuezu Dai. The corresponding letter of your parts, namely, Greece Cha He can also apply. and then check the Ministry originally sent by your electrical system is no longer recorded delivery, consolidated statement. Sincerely, Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

1920 年 12 30, out of forces in Manchuria Manchurian the vital interests of the region and the Mongolian, Chang Tso-lin pressure on the government once again to the Northern, so that the harsh tone of the State Council reiterated its refusal to send troops to Mongolia Russia's principled position. the State Council, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the message to the following:

by Sirs: quasi-open letter, the Russian chief of the Foreign Agricultural workers telephoned the Russian troops destroy bandits went to Mongolia Society, of no help to destroy other countries, please move, please sternly to prevent such a result.

investigate the matter before, according to the Foreign Affairs Division total length of the second call, the renewal of power that China has rid the party Coulomb thank the Russian government does not intend that the army marched Mongolian border, where Mongolian side is still haunted Xie gang members, will be Russia's assistance, will be assisted by force, etc. language. outside the army headquarters when the cross-border, relations between sovereignty, is important, now known, although termination of its power to send troops, then still the language of force to assist in the final hard I admit. Electrochromic side library for the Department approached the side of power by the resident British facilities in the UK Labour Minister conveyed to the Government on behalf of farmers to destroy Mongolian border issues, our department is very well set, no need to seek the Russian government Yuezu Dai, inviting them to convey to the Government, the mutual respect for sovereignty, meaning the elimination of the documented about the former. Associate Letter antecedent, the corresponding case will be handled the matter, replied to your hospital, funded by the contact, that hope to do so check charge. Yours.

frequent in the Soviet Union's diplomatic correspondence between the two countries during negotiations, Weng Geen is leading the the natural starting point for the Red Army, the Red Army political commissar, communists and Jews and their families should all be destroyed, their property be confiscated. Any violation will be punishable by disciplinary, or impose a variety of different forms of the death penalty. ordered his men said: Punitive measures can only have one, and this is all kinds of death! To punish the offender must keep in mind a long head of the system: evils, and punished. This can be the peace we all desire - the highest gift of God given. Soviet Government and the Soviet Union aroused great anger the Red Army. They believe that it is condoning the Northern Government coercion Chang Tso-lin, was a result of the Soviet Union in Mongolia Weng Geen frenzied torn border.

they decided not to Chang Tso-lin again led by the Northern Government and the Fengtian hope, so in the June 16, 1921 made unilaterally without China's consent to the Ministry to power, claiming that the Soviet Red Army was exit the Mongolian border Since its inception, has repeatedly said that China is willing to contact the diplomatic relations between the two countries, Nathan Benedict. is only the doctrine, in respect of Russia's sovereignty, to remove the enemy, the enemy of the White Army leaders, Weng Geen is also. are White army Central Mongolia gathered to resist the Russian military and Huajun, the military expansion of Japan-shaped, leading to the Mongolian border after Russian troops had to fight with he.

Russian troops and Weng Geen search operations, enabling the real China harmless, the Russian Republic of China for the sake of helping to remove the culprits and save the sovereignty of China, this is the only Russian and Weng Geen reasons for fighting. Once you're done, exit the Russian Mongolian border. the Russian government that Weng Geen also China's enemy, the fight with he,UGG boots, chronological by China and Russia of the Mu Yi, and Yi Zhen Goodwill also. Russia's Foreign General Qiqie Lin agricultural workers knocking. June 15. ①

As already mentioned, contact the Chinese Foreign Ministry in Qiqie Lin, the Chinese and Mongolian Jinglue Shi Chang Tso-lin Northeast Xunyue Shi rate of 10 million troops had been embarked on to Mongolia, but Zhang and Weng Geen because of stationed themselves in Zhangjiakou was dishonest to, want to get all the benefits fisherman.

Clearly, the Soviet government Chang Tso-lin has been seen through the trick, so only send troops unilaterally to Outer Mongolia. Not only that, in fact its real purpose is to provoke Outer Mongolia independent. on behalf of the Soviet Union sent a letter to Chinese Ambassador in London, the British Minister Wellington Koo, said:

instructions from the Government will open, agricultural workers most willing to work with the Chinese government to solve the problem of Mongolia, Mongolian both independent, agricultural workers admitted deceive the Government the right to self-determination, then also want to maintain China's sovereignty. autonomy of Mongolia, the party for fear of Russia and Japan, the White fish, this layer can not pay attention. Labour government is willing to farmers and the Government of Mongolia with the Chinese government to open this meeting, has been with the Mongolian exchange views, he will be very willing to question the relationship between China, opening discussions. Therefore, agricultural workers claim the Central Government, Russia, Mongolia and three government representatives of a committee to map problems to solve Sino-Mongolian relations. Russia and the out of this, absolutely without demanding the reinstatement of the former Russian government in Mongolia has been the rights, privileges meaning, the claim altogether. ②

this, Chang Tso-lin and the then Chinese Government firmly opposes the Soviet government sent troops to Outer Mongolia, and has repeatedly reiterated Mongolia's external sovereignty.

By this time, the Soviet Union adopted the practice of civil and military facilities and, on the one hand by the Soviet Union diplomatic battle with China to fight the text, the other hand, the Soviet Red Army formidable command a camel into Mongolia hinterland.

after nearly 20 days of intense fighting, the Soviet Red Army defeated Weng Geen Expeditionary Force Two days later, on July 8, the Provisional Revolutionary Government of Mongolia plans to move from the Qiaha Cullen. with the government at the same time there arrived from the Red Army expeditionary force to protect the emperor of the Mongolian living Buddha VIII Function of Zhebuzundanba.
< br> In the Soviet Red Army occupied Mongolia Driven to despair of the situation, he first fled to the Ukraine Kings area, then go to Lake Baikal basin, and finally captured in the northern region for his subordinates, and to the Soviet Red Army trials. September 21, 1921, Weng Geen shot by the Soviet government.

four, Mongolia , so that when the Chinese government, especially in China's is a deliberate violation of Chinese territory. The Soviet government's problem to the Soviet Government of Mongolia and Chang Tso-lin forces against each other, and the situation worsened. can be said that it became the the Soviet Union in Foreign Affairs Agencies Qiqie Lin had just returned from China to Moscow by Soviet Foreign Minister of the Republic of the Far East? Yuri's telegram says: Please back to Beijing again, in both ensuring Mongolia 'autonomy', also acknowledged the suzerainty of China's foreign Mongolia basic principles to start again with negotiations. To make it clear to them: We are in Mongolia in the military operations to combat Weng Geen gangs entirely. Let them know: Weng Geen is their enemy. We recognize the suzerainty of China's foreign Mongolia. As long as we eliminate the gang there, immediately withdraw its troops from there. Garrison becomes legalized. The damage China's sovereignty, problems within the leadership of the Soviet Union has caused a different argument.

such as the diplomatic community who oppose the Soviet Communist Party leaders made more flight: Back in 1915, China, Russia, and Mongolia signed tripartite Three self-government agreement on the Outer Mongolia, confrontation, but they still belong to the same class, at best, in the same class of people fighting each other for their own interests. The method according to the analysis of class relations, there does not exist so-called 'fight for national liberation and revolutionary struggle of freedom and equality'. He believes that sending troops to there Realistic to say that sending troops to Mongolia, this action is exactly what we most like to see the enemy, and our friend the most opposed to the real thing the East Mongolia is absolutely harmful to the policy. Mongolia, China is our neighbor, one of the most sensitive region, China is ready to be used against the warlords of our trump card. When we point to help the Mongols by their own people to establish so-called 'Government of Mongolia' time, then the majority of people will immediately think of the East of Russia ousted government. They would say: in order to get their own special interests, the Soviet regime, Russia is also the Government to follow it! Willing to please them, even change our adventure in the Far East, the world's foreign policy. To the special case where the establishment of the Provisional People's Government is also hoping for the Mongolian people's great news. You know, look like the savior of the people of Mongolia, like, looking forward to our arrival, in particular and bring them victory in the Soviet Army. As always in the Provisional Revolutionary Government of Mongolia and imperialism, feudalism, Chinese warlord to fight other, so in the middle of the vast Mongolian People's Revolution has deep roots. The vast, with more than two million people country, the first time in history, people have their own revolutionary government.

, of course, once this new regime can not be perfect all the state apparatus, that is, the People's Revolutionary Army at the initial stage only. Because of this, the Mongolian People's Army was the request of our stay, to defend their new regime, to prevent the Japanese, the man and the forces of Chang Tso-lin for their attacks. In this regard, we will assume our sacred duty, could not put them into danger. Moreover, the current interim government, the people still in the White bandits, the Japanese and the threat of warlords Chang Tso-lin. Not only that, they even still threaten our vast Siberian region. a third country's armed forces always exist. May 31, 1924. On this day, the Soviet Government and the Northern government representatives signed the and the constitutional monarchy system of government, and declare proper ways by mutual agreement after the withdrawal of Soviet troops that is, from Outer Mongolia.

Chang Tso-lin, but refused to recognize this agreement. was forced to make compromises in Sudan and Yang Zhuo Manchurian Deputy Foreign hoodwinked, the only obtained the consent of Chang Tso-lin.

but a few months later, in November 1924, the Soviet government to bad faith, the proposed abolition of Outer Mongolia's constitutional monarchy system of government, instead set up a fully independent, can be described as hatred is not the old railway to the Middle East, Mongolia